Sharpbill
Oxyruncus cristatus
A unique species with a patchy distribution from Costa Rica to Brazil. True to its name, the bill is sharply pointed. Both sexes are olive-green above and whitish or pale yellowish below with bold dark spotting. The orange crown patch is difficult to see. Not well known, but seems to occur mostly in mature forest in foothills from around 700–1,700 m. Often follows mixed-species flocks. Can forage acrobatically or perch upright for longer periods. Most easily detected by its strange song, a long descending whistle.
识别特征
The sharpbill (Oxyruncus cristatus) is a small passerine bird that is placed in its own family Oxyruncidae. It was formerly placed in the family Tityridae. Its range is from the mountainous areas of tropical South America and southern Central America (Panama and Costa Rica). It inhabits the canopy of wet forest and feeds on fruit and some invertebrates. It has an orange erectile crest, black-spotted yellowish underparts and scaling on the head and neck. As its name implies, it has a straight, pointed beak, which gives its common name. Sharpbills are most commonly found in tall dense forests but occasionally venture to the forest edge. Their diet consists of primarily of fruit, but they will also take insects, hanging upside down in from twigs to obtain insect larvae. They will also travel in mixed-species feeding flocks with ovenbirds, tanagers, woodpeckers and cotingas. The breeding system employed by this species is polygamous with closely grouped males displaying in from a lek. The nest of the sharpbill is built by the female and is a small cup built on a slender branch. Chicks are fed by regurgitation.
分类信息
Genus: Oxyruncus; Family: Oxyruncidae; Order: Passeriformes.
- 学名
- Oxyruncus cristatus
- 命名信息
- Swainson, 1821
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Oxyruncidae
- 属
- Oxyruncus
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Streak-capped Antwren
Terenura maculata
Tiny hyperactive antwren of the canopy in humid forest and second growth, where it often follows mixed-species flocks. Males are heavily streaked on the head and flanks with a rufous back, dark wings with pale yellowish underparts below. Females are similar, but are paler overall with a buffy throat and buffier streaking on the head. The song is a dry rattle.
Pale-crowned Cisticola
Cisticola cinnamomeus
Tiny, short-tailed, streaky, brown cisticola. Distinctive breeding male has a pale crown and dark lores. Female and non-breeding male have a streaked crown. Found in moist grassland. Inconspicuous for most of the year. Usually seen when doing a flight display over its breeding habitat. The song consists of high whistles alternated with several lower “cheewa” notes. Breeding male distinguished from Cloud, Wing-snapping, and other small cisticolas by its unstreaked pale crown. Female and non-breeding male may only be distinguishable by voice.
White-collared Manakin
Manacus candei
Chunky little bird of humid forest edge and second-growth thickets (especially with Heliconia plants) in tropical lowlands. Away from display areas, usually found in ones and twos perched quietly or feeding at fruiting trees and bushes from understory to canopy. Display often draws attention: loud clicks, buzzes, and whistles given by males low in understory. Unmistakable male often detected by low wing rattle in flight. Female greenish with yellow belly and orange legs.
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