Atlantic Royal Flycatcher
Onychorhynchus swainsoni
Endemic to southeastern Brazil. Uncommon, medium-sized, overall brown flycatcher of humid tropical forest in lowlands. Note the hammerhead crest—very rarely fully raised to reveal spectacular, flame-red fan with violet-blue-black tips. Otherwise looks rather flat-headed. Also note the long bill, and pale cinnamon rump and tail. Usually found as singles or pairs in mid-levels of dense forest, where flutters actively after insects. Nest is a straggly mass of dead vegetation up to 3 feet long that hangs from the tip of a branch, often along streambeds. Often detected by single sharp squeaky calls.
识别特征
The Atlantic royal flycatcher is 16 to 16.5 cm (6.3 to 6.5 in) long. One specimen weighed 23.5 g (0.83 oz). This large-billed flycatcher has a spectacular, but rarely seen, crest. The upper parts are mostly dull brown with a bright cinnamon rump and tail. It has a whitish throat and ochraceous buff underparts. It has an erectile fan-shaped crest that when raised is scarlet, black, and blue in the male and yellow, black, and blue in the female.
分类信息
The IOC considers the Atlantic royal flycatcher and three other royal flycatcher taxa to be separate species and places them in the family Tityridae. The North and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society (AOS) consider the four to be subspecies of the widespread royal flycatcher (Onychorhynchus coronatus sensu lato). The AOS places O. coronatus in family Onychorhynchidae and includes four other flycatcher species in that family. <p>The Clements taxonomy treats the Atlantic royal flycatcher as a species but places it in family Oxyruncidae with several other flycatcher species and the sharpbill. IOC considers all of them to be in Tityridae.<p>The Atlantic royal flycatcher is monotypic.
- 学名
- Onychorhynchus swainsoni
- 命名信息
- (Pelzeln, 1858)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Onychorhynchidae
- 属
- Onychorhynchus
分布与栖息地
The Atlantic royal flycatcher is found only in the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil, from Bahia State south to northern Santa Catarina State. It inhabits humid lowlands, both primary evergreen and second growth forests. It is a bird of the midstory.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
All of the royal flycatchers are insectivorous.<p>The Atlantic royal flycatcher's nest is long and narrow and is suspended from a branch or vine, usually above water. The clutch is two eggs; only the female incubates them and broods and feeds the nestlings. Breeding appears to be in the austral spring, because nest-building was recorded in October and eggs were laid in November. In another area, a juvenile was seen in January.<p>The Atlantic royal flycatcher is usually inconspicuous and quiet. Its song is "a descending, slowing series of plaintive whistles" [1] and its call a repeated "keeeyup or keee-yew" [2].
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
其他鸟类
White-bellied Seedeater
Sporophila leucoptera
Small finchlike bird with a short but very strong bill. Males are gray above (black in Bolivia) and white or grayish below with a white patch on the wings. Note the yellow bill. Females are brown above with a paler belly and a dark bill. Found in grasslands with scattered bushes.
Malagasy Paradise-Flycatcher
Terpsiphone mutata
Adult males have extremely long tail streamers, and can show mainly rufous, white, or black-and-white plumage. Female is rufous and lacks tail streamers. Both sexes have a blue ring around the eye. Found in all forest types and in adjacent plantations and scrub. Restless, active mid-story bird that sometimes joins mixed feeding flocks. Call is a tearing “shree-shreeet”, and song a long, musical series of “twee” notes. Black-and-white males larger and longer-tailed than Ward’s Flycatcher, without a black chest band. Rufous coloration, blue eye ring, and upright posture identify female.
Northern White-faced Owl
Ptilopsis leucotis
A relatively small owl, though larger than most scops-owls. Mostly pale gray, with a white face set off by black borders and yellow-orange eyes. Found in dry savanna habitats, where it often spends the day roosting on surprisingly open perches. Very similar to Southern White-faced Owl and best separated by call, but there is little or no overlap in range. The call is a quiet, two-parted “huu-hoooo.”
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