Long-billed Gnatwren
Ramphocaenus melanurus
Very small bird of humid tropical forest and edge. Favors vine tangles at mid-upper levels, where moves actively, holding its tail cocked and flopping it from side to side. Appearance is distinctive, with buffy face, very long thin bill, and fairly long tail with white tips. Similar to Chattering Gnatwren but lacks the extra white spots on outer tail feathers. Easily overlooked, but rising and falling trilled song reveals its presence.
识别特征
Adult trilling gnatwrens are 12–13 cm (4.7–5.1 in) in length and weigh 8–11 g (0.28–0.39 oz). They have a long, thin bill and a short cocked tail. The upperparts are grey-brown, with rufous on the sides of the head. The throat is white, shading to buff on the rest of the underparts. The tail is black with white tips to all but the central feathers, and is frequently wagged. R. m. trinitatis, of eastern Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad has paler underparts, and buff flanks and head sides.The call is a trilled drdrdrdrdrdrdrdrdrdr.
分类信息
The trilling gnatwren was described by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1819 from a specimen collected in Brazil. He coined the binomial name Ramphocaenus melanurus. The genus name Ramphocaenus means "unusual beak", from the Ancient Greek rhamphos (ῥάµϕος, "beak") and cænos (καινός, "strange"). The specific epithet combines the Ancient Greek melas "black" and oura "tail". A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2018 found that two subspecies of Ramphocaenus melanurus formed a separate clade. The subspecies were split off to become the chattering gnatwren and the English name of this species was changed from "long-billed gnatwren" to "trilling gnatwren".<p>Thirteen subspecies are recognised:
- 学名
- Ramphocaenus melanurus
- 命名信息
- Vieillot, 1819
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Trogonidae
- 属
- Ramphocaenus
分布与栖息地
It is found in the undergrowth and vines of dry forest and secondary woodland from Mexico south to Peru and Brazil, and on Trinidad.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Trilling gnatwrens build a deep cup nest very low in a small plant or sapling. The two white eggs are incubated by both parents for 16–17 days to hatching, with a further 11–12 days to fledging.<p>Trilling gnatwrens forage actively in vegetation, eating mainly insects, insect eggs and spiders. They usually occur in pairs or family groups.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Giant Coua
Coua gigas
Huge, long-tailed, long-legged bird. Rufous belly and blue-and-pink bare facial skin. Found locally in dry deciduous forest, gallery forest, and spiny forest at low and middle elevations in west and southwest Madagascar. Usually found walking along the forest floor, but will ascend to thick spots in the canopy and mid-story, especially when calling. Sometimes shy, but sometimes much more approachable than typical couas. Most common vocalization is a loud “kwaaa” followed by several lower “ku” notes. Very similar to Coquerel’s Coua, but much larger, with pink facial skin. Similar to Red-capped Coua, but much larger, with a rufous belly.
Hooded Treepie
Crypsirina cucullata
Long-tailed silver bird with a black head. Restricted to Myanmar’s central lowlands, where it can be found in dry forest and scrubby forest edge; tolerant of degraded habitat close to human habitation. May be encountered singly, in pairs, or in small-to-medium-sized flocks. Gives a harsh rasping call.
Southern Scrub-Flycatcher
Sublegatus modestus
Small, dull flycatcher. Medium brown with a light yellow belly, and two whitish wingbars. Breeds in dry scrub and open woodlands across much of southern South America; also a common austral migrant into Amazonia, where it is found in secondary and successional growth. Compared to the similar Amazonian Scrub-Flycatcher, Southern has a brighter yellow belly, and crisper, brighter white wingbars.
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