Ortolan Bunting
Emberiza hortulana
Fairly small bunting. Males are striking with a green-gray head and yellow mustache, eyering, and throat contrasting with a chestnut belly and intricately marked upperparts. Rump is earth brown and streaked. Females and juveniles are similar but spotted below, head pattern duller, and body less chestnut. Breeds mainly in open and semiopen agricultural areas, slopes, and in mountains with scattered bushes and trees. Non-breeding habitat similar, but includes sparse, highland grasslands and fields. Song is a buzzy “dweedwee-dzeedzeedzzeedzee-dee”, while calls include a mellow, tinkling “deu” and a higher-pitched “deek.”
识别特征
The ortolan bunting is 16–17 cm (6.3–6.7 in) in length and has a wing-span of 23–29 cm (9.1–11.4 in). In appearance and habits it much resembles its relative the yellowhammer, but lacks the bright colouring of that species; the ortolan's head, for instance, is greenish-grey, instead of a bright yellow. The song of the male ortolan resembles that of the yellowhammer.
分类信息
The ortolan bunting was described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae and retains its original binomial name of Emberiza hortulana. The species is monotypic. A molecular phylogenetic study of the buntings published in 2008 found that the ortolan bunting is most closely related to Cretzschmar's bunting (Emberiza caesia).
- 学名
- Emberiza hortulana
- 命名信息
- Linnaeus, 1758
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Emberizidae
- 属
- Emberiza
分布与栖息地
A native of most European countries and western Asia, it reaches as far north as Scandinavia and beyond the Arctic Circle, frequenting cornfields and their neighbourhoods. It is an uncommon vagrant in spring, and particularly autumn, to the British Isles. Sightings in the UK are less common than they were, owing to the species’ population decline due to overexploitation in France.<p>It was spotted at Kenjar Coastal Karnataka, India, in November 2018 and photographed by birdwatchers. Some birders commented that it is the first photographic record of an ortolan bunting in India.
- 繁殖区
- PAL : s, e subarctic to subtropical open wooded hills: w, c Palearctic: Scandinavia patchily to Iberian Pen., e through Baltic region, w, sc Russia, n Kazakhstan, far n Xinjiang (nw China) and w, c, s Mongolia; in s through coastal Algeria, n Mediterranean to Turkey, Caucasus and n Iran
- 非繁殖区
- to Sahel, Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and coastal s Arabian Pen., in upland semiarid habitats
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Ortolan nests are placed on or near the ground.<p>The maximum age recorded is six years and ten months for a bird found dead in Switzerland.<p>Seeds are the natural diet, but beetles and other insects are taken when feeding their young.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
White-headed Vanga
Artamella viridis
Mid-sized black-backed vanga with a typical bill. Males are pure white on the head and underparts, while females are pale gray. Madagascar endemic that is found at low and middle elevations in all forest types, and sometimes in adjacent plantations and scrub. Vocalizations include harsh scolds and penetrating hollow whistles. Larger than Chabert Vanga, with a completely pale head. Smaller than Sickle-billed Vanga, with a much shorter bill.
Three-toed Jacamar
Jacamaralcyon tridactyla
Its small head, very long, straight bill, and long tail give it a distinctive silhouette. Mostly dark brown above with a streaky crown and whitish belly. Usually perches upright on prominent perches in the top of trees at the forest edge or in riparian forests where they sally out to catch insects.
Mountain Leaf Warbler
Phylloscopus trivirgatus
Small leaf warbler of montane rainforests throughout Sundaland. Strongly contrasting head pattern with black eye-stripe, pale eyebrow and black stripes either side of the central pale crown stripe. Note the lack of wing bar. In most areas, birds are yellowish green above and brighter yellow below; birds on Mount Kinabalu are gray-green above and off-white below. Forages actively in upper levels of forest, often in mixed flocks. Compare with migratory leaf warblers. Song is a rolling series of high-pitched warbling notes.
开始您的观鸟之旅
在户外识别鸟类，并在下一次观察时随手查阅鸟类图鉴。