Black Robin
Petroica traversi
A very rare small robin endemic to the Chatham Islands of New Zealand. Almost went extinct in the 1980s. Both sexes are entirely black. Confined to two offshore nature reserves in the Chatham Islands. Often stands alert, perching in a slightly hunched manner. Feeds on invertebrates in the soil and substory vegetation, making quick forays from perches in the understory. The male song is simple, consisting of 4-5 clear notes. Females will sing brief phrases every so often. Actively investigates any human activity within its territory. Tomtit has a pale underside, so should not be confused.
识别特征
The black robin is a small, sparrow-sized bird measuring 10–15 centimetres (3.9–5.9 in). Its plumage is almost entirely brownish-black, with a black bill and brownish-black yellow-soled feet.<p>Females are usually slightly smaller than males. Male songs are a simple phrase of 5 to 7 notes. Its call is a high-pitched single note. Their eyes are dark brown. Black robins moult between December and March.
分类信息
- 学名
- Petroica traversi
- 命名信息
- (Buller, 1872)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Petroicidae
- 属
- Petroica
分布与栖息地
Black robins live in low-altitude scrub forest remnants. They are entirely insectivorous, feeding on the forest floor or on low branches, and preferring to nest in hollow trees and tree stumps. To shelter from the strong winds and rough seas around the islands, they frequent the lower branches of the forest, or in flat areas with deep litter layers. They prefer woody vegetation under the canopies of trees such as akeake.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Black robins are territorial. Males will patrol and defend their areas. Females have been known to chase away other females. They make short flights from branch to branch and do not fly long distances.<p>Black robins forage in the leaf litter on the ground for grubs, cockroaches, wētā, and worms. Black robins will hunt for food during the day and night and have good night vision.<p>Black robins will generally start to breed at two years of age. The female robin will make the nest, and while she lays and incubates the eggs, the male will feed the female for a rest.<p>Eggs are laid between early October and late December. A second clutch may be laid if the first is unsuccessful. The clutch size varies from one to three eggs, but two is typical. Eggs are creamy in colour with purple splotches. When the eggs are laid, the female will sit on them to keep them warm until they hatch, after about 18 days. Then both parents will help to feed the chicks. Young robins stay in the nest for about 23 days after hatching, but even after leaving the nest the parents will continue to feed them until they are about 65 days old. This period of parental care is longer than would normally be expected for a bird of this size. After leaving the nest, chicks often spend the first day or two on the ground learning to use their wings, and here they are exposed to predators.<p>Survivorship between 1980 and 1991 indicates a mean life expectancy of four years. "Old Blue", the sole breeding female in 1980, lived for over 14 years. Some black robins can live from 6 to 13 years.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Spot-crowned Woodcreeper
Lepidocolaptes affinis
Fairly active, medium-sized woodcreeper of pine, pine-oak, and evergreen forest in highlands. Usually found in ones or twos, often traveling with mixed-species feeding flocks of tanagers, orioles, warblers, and others. Creeps up trunks and smaller branches, often poking into epiphytes. Note the slender, slightly curved bill, fine creamy dots on the crown, and creamy streaking on underparts. Calls are thin, reedy whistles, given infrequently.
Indigo-winged Parrot
Hapalopsittaca fuertesi
Rare and endangered parrot restricted to high elevations in the central Andes of Colombia. Plumage is golden green with a sapphire crown; the blue and red in the wings and tail are usually evident when perched, and can be more striking when seen in flight. Usually encountered in groups of several to a dozen birds that fly from fruiting tree to fruiting tree in compact flocks. Formerly very difficult to find, but in recent years it has been reliably encountered along dirt roads high above the town of Santa Rosa de Cabal.
Serra do Mar Bristle-Tyrant
Pogonotriccus difficilis
Tiny flycatcher with a long slender tail. Differs from other tyrannulets in being mostly bright olive-green above and gray below with darkish ear patches, prominent white eyerings, and pinkish (not dark) legs. Found in the understory of dense humid montane forests between 950–2,150 m; rarely joins mixed-species flocks. The song is a series of loud harsh notes; also makes snapping noises with its bill.
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