Black Robin
Petroica traversi
A very rare small robin endemic to the Chatham Islands of New Zealand. Almost went extinct in the 1980s. Both sexes are entirely black. Confined to two offshore nature reserves in the Chatham Islands. Often stands alert, perching in a slightly hunched manner. Feeds on invertebrates in the soil and substory vegetation, making quick forays from perches in the understory. The male song is simple, consisting of 4-5 clear notes. Females will sing brief phrases every so often. Actively investigates any human activity within its territory. Tomtit has a pale underside, so should not be confused.
识别特征
The black robin is a small, sparrow-sized bird measuring 10–15 centimetres (3.9–5.9 in). Its plumage is almost entirely brownish-black, with a black bill and brownish-black yellow-soled feet.<p>Females are usually slightly smaller than males. Male songs are a simple phrase of 5 to 7 notes. Its call is a high-pitched single note. Their eyes are dark brown. Black robins moult between December and March.
分类信息
- 学名
- Petroica traversi
- 命名信息
- (Buller, 1872)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Petroicidae
- 属
- Petroica
分布与栖息地
Black robins live in low-altitude scrub forest remnants. They are entirely insectivorous, feeding on the forest floor or on low branches, and preferring to nest in hollow trees and tree stumps. To shelter from the strong winds and rough seas around the islands, they frequent the lower branches of the forest, or in flat areas with deep litter layers. They prefer woody vegetation under the canopies of trees such as akeake.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Black robins are territorial. Males will patrol and defend their areas. Females have been known to chase away other females. They make short flights from branch to branch and do not fly long distances.<p>Black robins forage in the leaf litter on the ground for grubs, cockroaches, wētā, and worms. Black robins will hunt for food during the day and night and have good night vision.<p>Black robins will generally start to breed at two years of age. The female robin will make the nest, and while she lays and incubates the eggs, the male will feed the female for a rest.<p>Eggs are laid between early October and late December. A second clutch may be laid if the first is unsuccessful. The clutch size varies from one to three eggs, but two is typical. Eggs are creamy in colour with purple splotches. When the eggs are laid, the female will sit on them to keep them warm until they hatch, after about 18 days. Then both parents will help to feed the chicks. Young robins stay in the nest for about 23 days after hatching, but even after leaving the nest the parents will continue to feed them until they are about 65 days old. This period of parental care is longer than would normally be expected for a bird of this size. After leaving the nest, chicks often spend the first day or two on the ground learning to use their wings, and here they are exposed to predators.<p>Survivorship between 1980 and 1991 indicates a mean life expectancy of four years. "Old Blue", the sole breeding female in 1980, lived for over 14 years. Some black robins can live from 6 to 13 years.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Bar-winged Oriole
Icterus maculialatus
Very local, poorly known black-and-yellow oriole of Chiapas and northern Central America. Favors brushy oak woodlands and semi-deciduous scrubby areas, especially with oaks. Associates with other orioles at flowering and fruiting trees, but often remains inside cover and thus easily overlooked. Male is the only yellow-and-black oriole in its range with a white wingbar. Female and immature resemble Black-cowled Oriole (usually not in the same areas), but wings grayish (not contrastingly blackish) with narrow whitish wingbar.
Flamecrest
Regulus goodfellowi
Tiny, active songbird with distinctive black-and-white head pattern. Olive above, white below, with yellow wash on sides and rump and white wingbars; adult male’s vivid red-orange crest especially visible when raised. Inhabits montane coniferous forests and more open, scrubby areas with stunted bushes and evergreen growth. Feeds restlessly on small branches, frequently both gleaning and hovering. Song a somewhat strident series of high-pitched thin “tsi” notes; calls similar to song elements.
African Gray Flycatcher
Bradornis microrhynchus
A very plain gray-brown flycatcher of dry country. Note the distinct dark streaks on the crown and the dirty grayish underparts. Found in dry savanna and woodland habitats, usually in pairs or small groups, often sitting on open perches. Very similar to Pale Flycatcher, but found in drier habitat, and distinguished by the streaked crown and darker underparts. Similar to Spotted Flycatcher, but lacks streaking on the breast. Distinguished from all other flycatchers by the crown streaking. Gives quiet scratchy vocalizations.
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