Spot-winged Pigeon
Patagioenas maculosa
Fairly common to locally common; found in a wide variety of semiopen habitats from town parks to scrubby Andean slopes. Large grayish pigeon with a distinct pale dappling (“spotting”) on wing coverts and grayish eyes. Birds in the Andes have a distinct white band on the wing that is striking in flight. In eastern lowlands compare with Picazuro Pigeon, which has amber eyes, a pink breast, and a white wing band.
识别特征
The two subspecies of spot-winged pigeon differ significantly in their plumage. The nominate P. m. maculosa is 32 to 33 cm (13 to 13 in) long and weighs 308 to 347 g (10.9 to 12.2 oz). The adult male's forehead, crown, nape, hindneck, and breast are mostly dull purplish pink and the rest of the head and underparts are gray. The upper back and wing coverts are dark brown and show creamy white spots. The wings are mostly black above and pale gray below. The lower back and rump are bluish gray and the tail dark gray. The adult female is similar but the head and neck are generally duller. The juvenile is also similar, but duller all over with drab gray head and breast.<p>P. m. albipennis is slightly larger, 33 to 34 cm (13 to 13 in) long. The adults' head, neck, rump, and the whole of the underparts are blue-gray with a purplish wash that is especially pronounced in the male. The upper back and wing coverts are gray-brown. The folded wing shows a conspicuous white band that contrasts with the otherwise dark wing. As in the nominate subspecies, the juvenile is a duller version of the adult.
分类信息
At least one author has asserted, based on plumage similarities, that the spot-winged pigeon, picazuro pigeon (P. picazuro), bare-eyed pigeon (P. corensis), and scaled pigeon (P. speciosa) form a monophyletic group. Others argue that significant vocal differences belie that.<p>According to the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), the Clements taxonomy, and the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society, the spot-winged pigeon has two subspecies, the nominate P. m. maculosa and P. m. albipennis, . The Handbook of the Birds of the World treats the latter as a separate species, white-winged pigeon.
- 学名
- Patagioenas maculosa
- 命名信息
- (Temminck, 1813)
- 目
- Columbiformes
- 科
- Columbidae
- 属
- Patagioenas
分布与栖息地
P. m. maculosa is found in southeastern Bolivia south and east through Paraguay, southern Brazil, and Uruguay to south-central Argentina. It inhabits arid to semi-arid open woodland and scrub up to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in elevation. It shuns towns. P. m. albipennis is found from central Peru south to western and central Bolivia, extreme northwestern Argentina, and far northern Chile. It also inhabits arid to semi-arid open woodland and scrub, but at elevations generally between 2,000 and 4,300 m (6,600 and 14,100 ft). It is locally common in towns.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Both subspecies of spot-winged pigeon typically feed in flocks on the ground. P. m. maculosa's diet is mostly seeds, including rice and sunflower, but it has been observed eating fruit and leaves. P. m. albipennis's diet has not been studied.<p>P. m. maculosa breeds year round in Argentina and probably does so in Brazil. It builds a fragile nest in trees and lays one or two eggs. P. m. albipennis's breeding phenology has not been studied, but "frequency of calling apparently increases in Oct, suggesting that this might indicate the onset of the breeding season."<p>P. m. maculosa's song is "a rhythmic series of very hoarse-sounding coos...'cuuuuu uh-cuh-cuuuh...' repeated two or three times. Its call is "a repeated growling 'grwhoh'". P. m. albipennis's song is "a gruff 'rrrrrow grr-g’RRRR grr-g’RRRR grr-g’RRRR'" and its call a "short 'corw'".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- rising
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Big and chunky cotinga that is usually spotted perching motionless in the canopy of humid forests. The black head contrasts with a red iris. Olive-green on the back and yellow below with dark barring. Both sexes are quite similar. The song is a long whistle with protracted silences between calling bouts.
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Tringa ochropus
Dark brown sandpiper with a snowy white belly; in flight looks black above with boldly contrasting white rump. Bobs tail when nervous, but not habitually like Common Sandpiper. Often climbs steeply when flushed and flies quickly with deep wingbeats, swooping around a little like a swallow. Breeds in clearings and marshes in wet forest and woodland; migrants occur in fresh and brackish wetland habitats, especially on muddy shores of lakes and small ponds. Mainly found as singles or small groups, not mixed with other species.
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