Black-capped Foliage-gleaner
Philydor atricapillus
Medium-sized foliage-gleaner with a strong head pattern. Uniformly warm rufous apart from a black cap and pale check patch framed by two black lines. Found in humid lowland forests where it usually accompanies mixed-species flocks and forages at all levels. The song is a loud descending trill; also gives metallic “priew” notes.
识别特征
The black-capped foliage-gleaner is 16 to 17 cm (6.3 to 6.7 in) long and weighs 17 to 27 g (0.60 to 0.95 oz). The sexes have the same plumage, with a very dramatic facial pattern. Adults have a wide pale buff eyering, a pale buff supercilium that is more orange-rufous to the rear, a blackish-brown band behind the eye, dull buffy rufous lores, and pale buff ear coverts with blackish-brown bands above and below them. Their crown is dark brown with faint spots on the forehead and faint streaks in its center. Their back is rich rufous-brown, their rump slightly paler but more rufous, and their uppertail coverts bright orange-rufous. Their tail is bright rufous. Their wings are mostly rich brown with darker coverts and dark fuscous tips on the flight feathers. Their chin, throat, and malar area are light orange-rufous. Their breast and belly are plain dark orange-rufous; their flanks are slightly duller and their undertail coverts bright rufous. Their iris is brown, their maxilla blackish, their mandible pale gray to greenish gray, and their legs and feet pale ochre-yellow to light olive-gray. Juveniles are much like adults but with dark brown edges on their underparts' feathers.
分类信息
The black-capped foliage-gleaner is monotypic. It and the Alagoas foliage-gleaner (P. novaesi) form a superspecies.
- 学名
- Philydor atricapillus
- 命名信息
- (Wied-Neuwied, M, 1821)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Philydor
分布与栖息地
The black-capped foliage-gleaner is found from Bahia in Brazil south through Mato Grosso do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul and eastern Paraguay slightly into northeastern Argentina's Misiones Province. It inhabits tropical evergreen forest and mature secondary forest between sea level and about 1,000 m (3,300 ft) of elevation.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The black-capped foliage-gleaner is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The black-capped foliage-gleaner feeds on a wide variety of adult and larval arthropods with a preference for adult Lepidoptera. Lesser components of its diet include Coleoptera and spiders, and it seldom feeds on ants. Single birds and pairs often join mixed-species foraging flocks, feeding at all levels of the forest from its understory to its canopy. It acrobatically works its way along branches, gleaning and pulling prey live and dead leaves, bark, debris, and bark crevices. It especially favors bromeliads as prey sources.<p>Almost nothing is known about the black-capped foliage-gleaner's breeding biology. Anecdotal reports place its nest in a hole in an earthen bank.<p>The black-capped foliage-gleaners song is "a somewhat musical, whistled, fast, sharply descending trill" described in more detail as a "rapid series of 6-8 very high notes, the 1st 2 lower...the last 2 slightly lower still". Its calls include an "irregular series of squeaky notes, and 'pit-wit' " and a "very high, metallic sounding 'zic' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Great Skua
Stercorarius skua
Powerful dark brown seabird, resembles a dark, heavily built immature gull. Note eye-catching white flashes in the primaries when in flight. Adults have distinct pale mottling on the upperparts, which serves to separate them from adults of the very similar South Polar Skua. Juveniles are more uniformly colored, with warm-colored and largely unmarked underparts; note bulkier build and more powerful flight than Pomarine Jaeger. Breeds locally on moorland of islands and coasts in northern Europe, where aggressive near nests. Otherwise lives at sea, but may be seen from shore during windy conditions during migration periods. Feeds by pirating gulls and other seabirds, also by scavenging at fishing boats.
Gray-bellied Wren-Babbler
Spelaeornis reptatus
Elusive brown skulker with a pale throat and gray face. Dark edges to its back and crown feathers give it a scaly-looking quality. Forages on ground and in undergrowth, almost always under heavy cover and rarely emerging into the open. Extremely similar in appearance to Pale-throated, Chin Hills, and Long-tailed wren-babblers, but no range overlap. Song is a long ascending trill with a stuttering, bubbly quality to it.
Maghreb Owl
Strix mauritanica
A medium-sized owl with deep black eyes, strictly nocturnal and infrequently seen. Gray to gray-brown overall with a big rounded head. Found at a broad range of elevations from sea level to high mountains, in woodland, forest, parkland, rocky areas, and sometimes towns and villages. Tends to roost well hidden in foliage during the day, when may be detected by tracking down the excited sound of small birds mobbing the owl. Comes out at night to hunt in clearings and more open areas. Most often detected by its quavering hoots and "kee-wik!" shrieks, given at night. Somewhat similar to Pharaoh Eagle-Owl, but smaller and grayer, with dark rather than yellow-orange eyes.
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