Lined Antshrike
Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus
Handsome, strongly patterned bird with a stout bill. Inhabits dense vegetation at edge of humid forest in the eastern foothills of the Andes. Male is densely barred black and white. Female is barred on underparts but also has chestnut back, wings, tail, and crown. Male similar to male Barred Antshrike but darker and usually found at higher elevations. Female is identical in plumage to female Chestnut-backed Antshrike; their ranges come close in Peru but are not known to overlap. Song is a nasal “bouncing ball” series that ends with a single higher note.
识别特征
The lined antshrike is 15 to 16 cm (5.9 to 6.3 in) long and weighs 22 to 23 g (0.78 to 0.81 oz). Members of genus Thamnophilus are largish members of the antbird family; all have stout bills with a hook like those of true shrikes. This species exhibits marked sexual dimorphism though both sexes have a crest. Adult males of the nominate subspecies are almost entirely plumaged with narrow white and wider black bars. Their crown and crest are black and their throat is streaked black and white. Adult females have a rufous crown, crest, upperparts, wings, and tail. Their nape has a narrow band of black and white or black and pale reddish brown. The sides of their head and throat are streaked black and white. The rest of their underparts are barred black and white with a reddish brown tinge on their lower flanks. Adults of both sexes have a pale iris that is variable in color. Subadult males resemble adult males with a yellowish-brown tinge on their body and flight feathers. Males of both subspecies T. t. tenuifasciatus and T. t. berlepschi have roughly equal width black and white bars and more white on their foreheads than the nominate. Females are paler than the nominate with wider white bars on their underparts.
分类信息
What is now the lined antshrike was previously treated by several authors as a subspecies of the chestnut-backed antshrike (T. palliatus). A study published in 2007 confirmed that the lined antshrike is a full species and sister to the chestnut-backed.<p>The lined antshrike has three subspecies, the nominate T. t. tenuepunctatus (Lafresnaye, 1853), T. t. tenuifasciatus (Lawrence, 1867), and T. t. berlepschi (Taczanowski, 1884).
- 学名
- Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus
- 命名信息
- Lafresnaye, 1853
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Thamnophilus
分布与栖息地
The lined antshrike is found along the eastern slope of the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The nominate subspecies is the northernmost; it is found in north-central Colombia's departments of Cundinamarca and Meta and separately in Norte de Santander. Subspecies T. t. tenuifasciatus is found from south-central Colombia's Putumayo Department south through nearly all of Ecuador's length to northern Zamora-Chinchipe Province. T. t. berlepschi is found from southern Zamora-Chinchipe into northeastern Peru's departments of Amazonas, Cajamarca, and San Martín.<p>The lined antshrike primarily inhabits the edges of humid evergreen forest and secondary forest, where it favors areas heavy with shrubs and other undergrowth. In elevation it is found between 400 and 1,500 m (1,300 and 4,900 ft) in Colombia and mostly between 400 and 1,400 m (1,300 and 4,600 ft) in Ecuador. In Peru it occurs between 700 and 1,700 m (2,300 and 5,600 ft) in the Andes and locally as low as between 200 m (700 ft) in the valley of the Marañón River.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The lined antshrike is presumed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The lined antshrike's diet is not known in detail but includes insects and other arthropods. It usually forages singly or in pairs and rarely joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It forages in dense vegetation from near the ground to about 10 m (35 ft) above it. It hops between branches to glean prey with quick stabs from leaves, stems, branches, and trunks.<p>The lined antshrike's breeding season has not been defined; the only evidence of it was a nest found with two eggs in Ecuador in late March. It was a cup woven from rootlets, leave petioles, and some fungal rhizomorphs with moss on the outside and danging from it. It was suspended from a branch fork in a shrub 2.2 m (7 ft) above the ground. Another, used, nest in Ecuador was of similar construction and 1 m (3 ft) above the ground. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.<p>The lined antshrike's song is "an accelerating series of abrupt nasal notes that rises in pitch initially, falls towards end, and terminates in strong, downslurred raspy note". It has been written as "hah-ha-ha-hahahahahahahaha-hánh".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Pangani Longclaw
Macronyx aurantiigula
A large and relatively colorful member of the pipit family with a black necklace, a yellow-orange throat, a yellow breast, and whitish sides with long streaks. The white corners of the dark tail are conspicuous during its weak, fluttering flight. Found in grassland with some bushes and trees. Similar to Yellow-throated Longclaw, though there is only minor overlap in range; orange-throated birds are easily identified, but some individuals have a yellow throat, and these can be separated by their paler and much more heavily streaked flanks. Brownish immatures can be confused with pipits, but are larger and more robust. Not very vocal, but gives a high-pitched whistle and a simple song of doubled phrases.
Yellow-bellied Seedeater
Sporophila nigricollis
Male is a fairly distinctive seedeater with yellow belly (sometimes very pale), dark breast and face, and brownish-olive back. Often shows some smudgy dark marks down the flanks. Bill is pale silvery. Female seedeaters are extremely difficult to identify; Yellow-bellied tends to look warmer with yellowish tones on underparts, but many are best left unidentified unless accompanied by a male. Most often found in flocks or pairs in open grassy habitats, sometimes near the edge of forest but also in agricultural areas.
Yucatan Wren
Campylorhynchus yucatanicus
Large, boldly marked wren of dry coastal scrub along north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula; no similar species in its range. Found in pairs or small groups, usually in areas with cactus plants. The upperparts are marked with a complex pattern of streaks and bars, the tail tipped whitish on the corners. The breast and belly have sparse dark spotting.
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