Royal Cinclodes
Cinclodes aricomae
Medium-sized dark brown bird with a restricted range. Chunky and relatively long-tailed, with a reddish wing contrasting with its dark chocolate brown body, and a white eyebrow and cheek stripe. Found in humid groves of Polylepis trees, where it forages on or near the ground, looking around mossy rocks and roots for its prey. Lacks the small white or cream patch on wing present in similar cinclodes species. Also note the darker brown body and thicker bill than other cinclodes in range.
识别特征
The royal cinclodes is 20 to 21 cm (7.9 to 8.3 in) long and weighs about 50 g (1.8 oz). It is a large cinclodes with a decurved, thick-based, bill. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a pale buffish supercilium that extends to the nape, a whitish malar area with thin dark bars, and an otherwise dark brown face. Their crown and upperparts are dark brown. Their wings are also dark brown, with black-edged rufous across the base of the flight feathers. Their tail is blackish. Their throat is whitish with thin dark bars and their underparts are dark brown with wide white streaks on the breast. Their iris is dark brown to brown, their bill black, and their legs and feet dark pinkish gray to black.
分类信息
Several authors have treated the royal and stout-billed cinclodes (C. excelsior) as conspecific. The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society considers the evidence to be weak but is seeking a proposal for that treatment's acceptance. The royal cinclodes is monotypic.
- 学名
- Cinclodes aricomae
- 命名信息
- (Carriker, 1932)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Cinclodes
分布与栖息地
The royal cinclodes is found very locally from south-central Peru's Department of Junín through the departments of Apurímac, Cuzco, and Puno into Bolivia's La Paz Department. It inhabits humid Polylepis-Gynoxys woodlands, where it favors boggy areas at the base of steep rocky slopes. In elevation it ranges from 3,500 to 4,600 m (11,500 to 15,100 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The royal cinclodes is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The royal cinclodes mostly feeds on invertebrates but also occasionally includes seeds and small vertebrates like frogs in its diet. It forages singly or in pairs, probing and digging for prey in among mossy rocks, in decaying wood, and in boggy areas. It occasionally also gleans its prey from surfaces.<p>The royal cinclodes' breeding season is thought to begin in December. One known nest was in a cavity behind a cleft in a cliff; it contained two nestlings that were fed by both parents. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The royal cinclodes' song is "a very loud trill".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Gyrfalcon
Falco rusticolus
Stocky beast of a falcon; ranges in color from strikingly white to silvery-gray to dark sooty-brown. Relatively long tail and broad wings with powerful flight. Generally darker above and paler below, with markings on the belly ranging from small and crisp to big and chunky. Breeds on cliffs on Arctic tundra; winters in large open areas. Scarce even on breeding grounds. Bulkier and shorter-winged than Peregrine Falcon with a more diffuse face pattern and silvery undersides on flight feathers. Feeds on birds and mammals.
White-bellied Hummingbird
Elliotomyia chionogaster
Medium-sized hummingbird of middle and high elevations. Green above, white below, with a pinkish lower mandible. Found around forest edges and scrubby open habitats. Distinguished with care from the very similar Green-and-white Hummingbird by the white extending lower onto the underside of the tail, and by its sometimes lighter pink lower mandible; it is also typically found in more open habitats than that species.
Eurasian Nightjar
Caprimulgus europaeus
Masterfully camouflaged nightbird. Shape resembles a cuckoo or falcon, but plumage is cryptic, like dead leaves. Patterning varies subtly over wide range. Male has white tail corners and white band on the wing. Active at night and rarely seen by chance, but might be flushed from daytime roost on the ground. Loud churring song at dusk and night may draw attention. Favors open habitats, from dry plains to forest clearings. Hunts from a perch on the ground or a tree, sallying out and flying with agile, rather jerky wingbeats.
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