Red-capped Lark
Calandrella cinerea
A medium-sized, slender, pipit-like lark with a long tail and a weak bill. It always has a distinctive white eyebrow, a diagnostic brick-red crown that can be raised like a small crest, and reddish sides to the chest. Small to large groups are resident or locally nomadic, occupying cropped grasslands, open fields, edges of wetlands, and other open areas. Surprisingly cryptic on the ground, pairs or small groups run 5-10 meters and then pause, foraging for seeds and insects. The species can also be found drinking at waterholes. Calls include semi-musical chirps and short buzzy notes. The song, often given in an extended undulating pipit-like display flight, consists of semi-musical chirping notes, often in series, often incorporating imitations of other birds.
识别特征
The red-capped lark is 14–15 cm (5.5–5.9 in) in length, with a typically upright stance. The colour of the streaked grey to brown upperparts is variable, with subspecies differing in hue and brightness, but this species is easily identified by its rufous cap, white underparts, and red shoulders. The short head crest is normally not noticeable except when it is raised during courtship displays.The sexes are similar in appearance. Juveniles lack the red cap and shoulders of the adults, have dark spotting on the breast, and white spots on the dark brown upperparts.<p>The call of the red-capped lark is a tshwerp like a sparrow, and the song, given in the display flight, is a jumble of whistles and short trills. It also imitates other birds.
分类信息
The red-capped lark was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the larks in the genus Alauda and coined the binomial name Alauda cinerea. Gmelin based his description on "la Cendrille" from the Cape of Good Hope that had been described by the French polymath Comte de Buffon in 1778 and the "cinereous lark" that had been described by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1783. The red-capped lark is now one of six species placed in the genus Calandrella that was introduced in 1829 by the German naturalist Johann Jakob Kaup. The genus name is a diminutive of Ancient Greek kalandros, the calandra lark. The specific epithet cinerea is from Latin cinereus meaning "ash-grey" or "ash-coloured".<p>The red-capped lark was formerly considered to be conspecific with the Mongolian lark (Calandrella dukhunensis), the greater short-toed lark (Calandrella brachydactyla), the rufous-capped lark (Calandrella eremica) and Blandford's lark (Calandrella blanfordi). Alternate names for the red-capped lark include rufous short-toed lark and African short-toed lark, although the former may also describe the Somali short-toed lark.<p>Five subspecies are recognized:
- 学名
- Calandrella cinerea
- 命名信息
- (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Alaudidae
- 属
- Calandrella
分布与栖息地
This is a species of short grassland including fallow agricultural areas. In eastern Africa, it is found in the highlands, normally above 1000 m, but it occurs down to sea level in suitable habitat in the cooler south of its extensive range.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
The red-capped lark breeds all year round, but mainly from September to December. The nest is built primarily by the female in 4 to 5 days. It is an open cup which is set into the ground and usually situated close to a grass tuft, stone or mound. The nest is lined with fine grass and rootlets. The eggs are laid at daily intervals. The clutch of 2–3 eggs is incubated by the female who is fed by the male. The eggs hatch synchronously after 12–15 days. The chicks are fed and cared for by both parents for a period of between 9 and 18 days.<p>The red-capped lark forages on bare ground or in very short grass, moving with short runs to feed on seeds and insects. It is sometimes found in flocks which can number hundreds of birds.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- rising
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Western House-Martin
Delichon urbicum
Distinctive small swallow with blue-black upperparts, a big white rump patch, and snow-white underparts. Juvenile in late summer and autumn is duller above and dingier below than adult. Compare with other swallows; note the relatively shallowly forked and streamerless tail, as well as jerky and fluttery flight. In east of range, overlaps with very similar Siberian House-Martin (formerly treated as one species); note present species’ significantly smaller rump patch. Breeds colonially, frequently building mud nests under the eaves of buildings; forages over varied open and semi-open habitats, especially water bodies and adjacent fields. Gives a soft burbling trill.
Great Rufous Sparrow
Passer motitensis
A large, chunky sparrow with a bright rufous rump and different-looking males and females. The male has a grayish crown with a rufous crescent around the ears and a white patch between the top of the eye and the base of the bill. The female has a paler washed-out head. Pairs and small groups are loyal to arid thorn scrub, avoiding human-altered habitats. The smaller House Sparrow is most easily told from the Great Rufous Sparrow by having a gray (not rufous) rump.
Junin Antpitta
Grallaria obscura
Medium-sized, plain antpitta found in a limited area of the eastern Andes in south central Peru. It is uniform brown lacking strong field marks, but the pale eyering helps separate it from the similar Oxapampa Antpitta. Range and voice are also very important for ID. Typical songs include a short “bit-burr” and a series of five or six grating whistles. Inhabits the understory of high elevation forest and is mostly terrestrial, but sometimes perches higher to sing. It was formerly considered a subspecies of what used to be called Rufous Antpitta.
开始您的观鸟之旅
在户外识别鸟类，并在下一次观察时随手查阅鸟类图鉴。