Amazilia Hummingbird
Amazilis amazilia
A green-and-chestnut hummingbird with plumage that varies throughout its range. All variants have a red bill with a black tip. In most of its range, it has a green throat, white breast, and chestnut belly and tail. In the southern part of its range, white breast is reduced or absent and throat is blue or blue-green. At its northern limit, tail is mostly green. In the Andes of southern Ecuador, underparts are mostly white with only a little chestnut. Common in dry forest and scrub, and less prevalent or absent in more humid areas.
识别特征
The amazilia hummingbird is 9 to 11 cm (3.5 to 4.3 in) long. Males weigh 5 to 6.5 g (0.18 to 0.23 oz) and females 4.5 to 5.5 g (0.16 to 0.19 oz). Both sexes of all subspecies have a straight, medium length, pinkish-red bill with a black tip. Adult males of the nominate subspecies A. a. amazilia have golden-green upperparts with rufous uppertail coverts. Their tail is also mostly rufous, with some bronze-green on the outer feathers. They have a glittering golden- to turquoise-green throat and a rufous lower breast and belly. Adult females have almost the same plumage, with the addition of some white on the chin and throat and a paler rufous belly. Juveniles resemble adult females with the addition of browish edges on their upperparts' feathers.<p>The amazilia hummingbird's song is "a variable but typically descending series of 4–10 squeaky notes, repeated at intervals." There are differences within and among the subspecies, especially that of A. a. alticola compared to the others. The species makes calls described as "tsip" and "dry 'zrrt'"; sometimes they are extended as "stuttering rattles".<p>Subspecies A. a. alticola has less rufous on the breast than the nominate and almost no green on the tail. A. a. azuay differs the most from the nominate. Its bill has less red on the maxilla, it has a nearly pure white belly with rufous only on the lower flanks, and its uppertail coverts and tail are paler rufous with little green. A. a. dumerilii is somewhat smaller than the nominate, with a white chin, throat, and center of the belly. A. a. leucophoea looks almost the same as demerillii but has bronze-green upperparts. A. a. caeruleigularis has a glittering violet-blue throat instead of the nominate's green.
分类信息
An illustration of the amazilia hummingbird together with the binomial name Orthorynchus amazilia was published in 1827 by the French naturalist René Lesson. In the following year he published a description. The specific epithet is from the name of the Inca heroine in Jean-François Marmontel's novel Les Incas, ou la destruction de l'Empire du Pérou.<p>The amazilia hummingbird was formerly placed in the genus Amazilia. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the genus was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the amazilia hummingbird was moved by most taxonomic authorities to the resurrected genus Amazilis that had been introduced in 1855 by George Gray. However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World retains it in Amazilia.<p>There are six generally recognized subspecies:<p>Some ornithologists have proposed that subspecies A. a. alticola should be treated as a separate species, the "Loja hummingbird".
- 学名
- Amazilis amazilia
- 命名信息
- (Lesson, RP & Garnot, 1827)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Amazilis
分布与栖息地
The amazilia hummingbird is found in western Ecuador and Peru. It does not migrate but does make some elevational dispersal after the breeding season. The six subspecies are distributed thus:<p>The amazilia hummingbird's habitat is different from that of its close relatives in the genus Amazilia: It is a bird of open semi-arid to arid landscapes and is rarely found deep in forested areas. These landscapes include scrublands, thorn forest, xerophytic steppe, and desert. The species is also common in cultivated areas and city parks and gardens. The nominate subspecies is found between sea level and about 1,000 m (3,300 ft). Subspecies dumerilii, leucophaea, and alticola are also found in the sub-montane zone in savanna and at the edges and clearings of cloudforest. In elevation they mostly range between 1,000 and 2,200 m (3,300 and 7,200 ft), though leucophaea reaches as high as 2,700 m (8,900 ft). A. a. caeruleigularis is apparently restricted to near-desert between 600 and 700 m (2,000 and 2,300 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Oriental Skylark
Alauda gulgula
Chunky brown songbird with a weak crest, typically found on the ground in open fields and meadows. Darker above than below, with fine black streaking on the chest and light chestnut ear coverts with dark border. Very similar to Eurasian Skylark, with which it shares much of its range, but Oriental has buffy, not white, outer tail edges and trailing edge of wing. Breeding males “skylark,” singing a series of variable notes while hovering high above the territory.
Blue-throated Mountain-gem
Lampornis clemenciae
Very large for a hummingbird; size alone separates from many other species. Males and females similar: gray below, dusky-greenish back, brown rump, and large dark tail with prominent white corners. Also note white eyebrow and short white mustache stripe. Male has bright blue throat patch, difficult to see unless the light hits it just right. Uncommon in canyons and mountains with mixed pine-oak forests, primarily in Mexico but barely extending into the U.S. Very similar to Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem, especially if you can’t see the throat color. Blue-throated is slightly larger and paler overall with larger white (not gray) tips on the tail feathers; females are plainer, lacking the buffy tones of Amethyst-throated. Also compare with Rivoli’s Hummingbird, especially females; Blue-throated is shorter-billed and plainer (less speckled) on the underparts.
Malayan Black-capped Babbler
Pellorneum nigrocapitatum
Chunky, thickset brown babbler, endemic to Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula. Note dark crown, gray face, orange breast, and bright white throat. Inhabits lowland and foothill forests, where it scurries about on the forest floor like a rodent, rummaging through leaf litter. Often forages singly or in pairs. Gives a bright, cheery-sounding “weedee”, sometimes with a rising second note or a raspy, descending third note.
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