Gray Noddy
Anous albivitta
Elegant silvery tern with a thin black bill and large dark eyes. Whitish head and underparts contrast with gray back and wings when at rest. When in flight, note short forked tail and dark edging on the underwings. Flutters daintily above the water’s surface, dipping down in pursuit of prey. Usually encountered in small to medium-sized flocks, foraging in coastal waters off islands. Breeds colonially on rocky cliffs.
识别特征
The grey noddy is 28–31 cm (11–12 in) long with a wingspan of 46–60 cm (18–24 in) and a weight of about 75 grams (2.6 oz). The tail is fairly long and notched. The plumage is pale grey, almost white on the head and underparts but darker on the back, tail and wings. The wings have dark tips and a white hind edge and are mainly white underneath. The eye is black and appears large due to the black patch in front of it. There is a white patch behind the eye. The thin, pointed bill is black and the legs and feet are also black apart from pale yellow webs.<p>Juvenile birds are browner than the adults and have darker, more contrasting flight feathers.<p>The grey noddy is usually silent but has a soft, purring call.
分类信息
The first formal description of the grey noddy was by the French ornithologist Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1856 under the binomial name Procelsterna albivitta. The specific name albivitta is from the Latin abus for "white" and vitta for "band" or "head-band".<p>The grey noddy was formerly placed in the genus Procelsterna. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2016 found that the five noddies formed a single clade with the grey noddy and blue noddy in Procelsterna nested within the species in the genus Anous. The authors proposed that the noddies should be merged into a single genus Anous and that Procelsterna should be considered as a junior synonym.<p>Three subspecies are recognised:
- 学名
- Anous albivitta
- 命名信息
- (Bonaparte, 1856)
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Laridae
- 属
- Anous
分布与栖息地
It occurs in subtropical and warm temperate waters of the south Pacific Ocean. The subspecies A. a. albivitta breeds on Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, northern New Zealand (particularly the Kermadec Islands) and southern Tonga (on 'Ata and probably 'Eua). A. a. skottsbergii is found on Henderson Island, Easter Island and Sala y Gómez. A. a. imitatrix breeds on the Desventuradas Islands off the coast of Chile. Some specimens have also been found in Australia, Pitcairn Islands, San Abrosio and San Feliz Islands and Ellice Islands.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
It feeds in shallow water, not moving far from the breeding colonies. It gathers in large feeding flocks which can contain thousands of individuals. They feed by hovering over the water and dropping down to pick food from the surface. Plankton forms the bulk of the diet and small fish are also eaten.<p>Breeding takes place in colonies on rocky islands. The nest site is a sheltered rocky surface or underneath a boulder or clump of vegetation. A single egg is laid. It is whitish with dark markings and is incubated by both parents for about 32 days. The young birds are fed on regurgitated food and fledge after around 35 days.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
White-banded Swallow
Atticora fasciata
Small, unmistakable swallow of lowland rivers. Glossy black plumage, appearing metallic blue in good light, with bright white chest band is unique. Deeply forked tail is easy to see in flight. Almost always in pairs or groups, and can be particularly common in areas with high exposed banks, where the species nests. Frequently perches on bare branches and snags along the edges of rivers.
Wrinkled Hornbill
Rhabdotorrhinus corrugatus
Brightly-colored medium-large hornbill. Both sexes are black with bare facial skin, blobby throat “pouches”, yellowish tails, and casqued bills. Male has pale yellowish throat and a yellow-and-red bill and casque. Female has a plain yellow bill and casque and bare blue skin around the eyes and on the “pouch”. Forages in pairs and small flocks in lowland rainforest. Gives oddly sharp grunting barks.
Melodious Lark
Mirafra cheniana
A small, compact lark with a small bill and a bold facial pattern with a distinct eyebrow. It has streaky upperparts with a distinct rufous wing panel and a lightly streaked buffy chest that separates the white throat from the creamy-buff belly. Pairs prefer lush grassland with vegetation shorter than 50 centimeters tall and with open spaces between the tussocks. From September to March, breeding males undertake lengthy aerial displays lasting 30-40 minutes, hanging still in the air before dropping and dangling stationary again, singing all the while. The song is made up of melodious whistles and trills, and buzzy notes, sometimes organized into series or repeating phrases, and incorporating a phenomenal repertoire of imitations of other birds. The similar Monotonous Lark is larger than the Latakoo Lark, with a plainer facial pattern, a less distinct eyebrow, and a different song and display.
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