Spix's Woodcreeper
Xiphorhynchus spixii
Medium-sized woodcreeper with a slightly curved bill. Has buff spots on its head which become elongated semi-circles with dark edges on the mantle and underparts. Found in the understory of humid forest, where it regularly accompanies mixed-species flocks and occasionally attends army-ant swarms. The song is a fast trill that ends with a whine “-wheu.” Best distinguished from the similar Striped Woodcreeper by Spix’s darker bill, darker and less contrasting head, and different song and habitat.
识别特征
Spix's woodcreeper is a medium-sized member of its genus, with a longish, slim, slightly decurved bill. The species is 18.5 to 21 cm (7.3 to 8.3 in) long and weighs 27 to 36 g (0.95 to 1.27 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a dusky brown face with narrow buff streaks and a pale supercilium and eyering. Their crown and nape are blackish brown with small buff teardrop spots that are streakier and blackish-edged on the nape. Their back and wing coverts are olive-brown, with buff teardrop spots with blackish edges on the back. Their wing coverts have buffy stripes or spots. Their flight feathers, rump, and tail are dark cinnamon to rufous-chestnut with dusky brownish tips on the primaries. Their throat is pale buff with a dusky lower edge. Their breast, sides, and belly are dull olive-brown, with longish dusky-edged buff streaks. Their flanks and undertail coverts are mostly plain. Their iris is dark brown, their bill dark brown with a paler tip, and their legs and feet bluish to gray. Juveniles are similar to adults but their underparts' streaks are not well defined.
分类信息
Spix's woodcreeper and the elegant woodcreeper (X. elegans) have been treated as conspecific by some authors. Even after the separation, some authors treated what are now two subspecies of the elegant woodcreeper, X. e. insignis and X. e. juruanus, as subspecies of Spix's. Spix's woodcreeper is monotypic.<p>The species' common name and specific epithet commemorate the German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix (1782-1826).
- 学名
- Xiphorhynchus spixii
- 命名信息
- (Lesson, RP, 1830)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Xiphorhynchus
分布与栖息地
Spix's woodcreeper is found in the lower Amazon Basin of northeastern Brazil. It occurs south of the Amazon from the Rio Tapajós east to the northern Rio Maranhão and western Rio Tocantins. It mostly inhabits humid evergreen forest, primarily terra firme but also várzea. It favors the interior of primary forest but sometimes occurs in secondary forest and even less frequently at forest edges. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 500 m (1,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
White-collared Oliveback
Nesocharis ansorgei
Tiny olive-green, gray, and black member of the waxbill family. Males have a narrow white collar and an olive-green breast, while females lack the collar and have all-gray underparts. Found in dense, moist habitats, including forest edge, scrub, and cultivation. Often in small flocks. The call is a short, wispy trill. Overall coloration similar to Gray-headed Oliveback, but smaller, with a black head.
White-faced Ground-Sparrow
Melozone biarcuata
Rather local large sparrow of foothills and highlands in Chiapas and northern Central America. Found in brushy woodland and edge and overgrown clearings; usually on or near the ground and often in pairs. Like other ground-sparrows, spends most of its time skulking in shady and often dense cover. Head pattern is distinctive: rusty cap, white face with a beady dark eye, and dark sideburn patch.
Black-throated Blue Warbler
Setophaga caerulescens
Striking warbler with vastly different male and female plumages. Males are unique deep blue above with black face and sides and white belly. Females are plain brownish-olive with dingy buffy underparts and subtle face pattern. Always look for small white patch on the wing, lacking only on the dullest immature females. Breeds in the understory of mixed forests, favoring hills with dense vegetation. Found in nearly any wooded or shrubby habitat during migration. Winters primarily in the Caribbean. Listen for lazy buzzy song, usually a series of notes with a final long buzz.
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