Mitred Parakeet
Psittacara mitratus
A medium-sized green parakeet with a long tail and scattered red feathers on the face. Similar to Red-masked Parakeet, but the red on the face is usually less extensive and Mitred lacks the red underwings seen on Red-masked. Calls are loud screeches. Introduced to Hawaii and California, where it often coexists with Red-masked Parakeet and forms potential intergrades.
识别特征
The mitred parakeet is 31 to 38 cm (12 to 15 in) long and weighs 219 to 275 g (7.7 to 9.7 oz). The sexes are alike. Adults of all subspecies are mostly green with a purplish forehead and a variable amount and pattern of red on the face. All subspecies have a red forecrown and red in front of their eye. The red usually extends past the eye and down the cheeks, and is often just flecks on the ear coverts. Subspecies P. m. chlorogenys has less red around and below the eye than the others, often a blue tinge on the crown, and some red on the thighs. Some individuals of all subspecies have a small amount of red at the bend of the wing. Their eye is surrounded by bare white skin and their bill is horn colored. Juveniles have little or no red.<p>The differences in plumage coloration noted in the field and in specimens are possibly due to erroneous age assignments, and might also be clinal.
分类信息
The mitred parakeet was for a time placed in the genus Aratinga but from about 2013 has been in its present genus Psittacara. Its taxonomy is otherwise unsettled. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) recognizes these three subspecies:<p>The American Ornithological Society (AOS) and the Clements taxonomy recognize a fourth subspecies, P. m. alticola ("Chapman's parakeet"), that Arndt (2006) had suggested as a separate species. Agnolin (2009) called into question the validity of P. m. tucumanus, and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) does not recognize it or P. m. alticola, assigning only P. m. chlorogenys and P. m. mitratus to the mitred parakeet.<p>Arndt (2006) also suggested that another full species, P. hockingi ("Hocking's parakeet"), exists within the mitred parakeet. The IOC, AOS, Clements, and HBW have not accepted this taxon as either a species or subspecies.<p>This article follows the three-subspecies model.
- 学名
- Psittacara mitratus
- 命名信息
- (Tschudi, 1844)
- 目
- Psittaciformes
- 科
- Psittacidae
- 属
- Psittacara
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies P. m. mitratus of the mitred parakeet is found from the departments of Ayacucho and Cuzco in Peru south through Bolivia into northwestern Argentina as far as Córdoba Province. Subspecies P. m. chlorogenys is found on the eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes between Amazonas and Junín departments. P. m. tucumanus is found in the Argentinian provinces of Córdoba and Tucumán.<p>The mitred parakeet has been introduced to Uruguay and is established there. Populations in California, Florida, and Hawaii are apparently derived from escaped or released cage birds. California's official list does not include the species but the other two states' lists do.<p>In their native range mitred parakeets inhabit a variety of landscapes, most of them forested. These include both evergreen and deciduous montane forest, cloudforest, secondary forest, and semi-humid to humid scrub areas in otherwise arid zones. In elevation subspecies P. m. chlorogenys ranges from 1,200 to 2,900 m (3,900 to 9,500 ft). The other two suspecies occur in the wider elevational range of 1,000 to 3,400 m (3,300 to 11,200 ft) with one reported sighting at 4,000 m (13,000 ft) in Peru. The introduced populations in California and Florida mostly occur in suburban and urban areas while those in Hawaii occur in both populated and unpopulated areas.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
The mitred parakeet makes some movements in response to food availability and also apparently roams outside the breeding season. Flocks of up to 2000 have been reported though those of about 100 individuals are more common.<p>The mitred parakeet's diet in its native range has not been fully described but is known to include berries and other fruits, seeds, nuts, and maize. In California the species has been observed feeding on fruits and flowers. In south Florida it has been documented feeding on 34 species of plants, both native and introduced.<p>In its native range the mitred parakeet nests in tree cavities and on cliffs. Its clutch size in the wild is two to three eggs. In Florida it nests almost exclusively on human structures and in Hawaii has nested on sea cliffs.<p>The mitred parakeet is very vocal, especially in flight with "a continuous loud screeching chatter". It also makes nasal "[s]queaky notes and screeches".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Sphyrapicus varius
Striking and unmistakable in most of range; the only sapsucker in eastern North America. Long, solid white wing patch helps distinguish it from Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers. Adult male has red cap and throat; females are similar but with white throat; juveniles are messy brownish-gray overall. The namesake yellow belly can be difficult to see and is sometimes almost absent. Often looks disheveled, especially in fall and winter. Compare with the extremely similar Red-naped Sapsucker, which barely overlaps in range. Note male Yellow-bellied has complete black border around red throat patch, and the white markings on the back are more extensive and messy. Occurs in almost any wooded habitat, breeding in the boreal forest across Canada and wintering as far south as Costa Rica. Like other sapsuckers, drills rows of sap wells into tree bark. Listen for irregular drumming (like morse code) and various nasal calls.
Mountain Black-eye
Zosterops emiliae
Dark olive-green upland specialist, restricted to Borneo’s central highlands, where it inhabits mossy forest, stunted growth, and even pockets of sparse growth above the treeline; one of the most common species at the highest elevations. Black eye patch and slender red bill are unique. Forages at all levels, often in pairs or small flocks. Song is a series of pleasantly melodic fluty whistles, often heard in the early morning; gives various tweeting, chirring calls.
Tawny-crowned Greenlet
Tunchiornis ochraceiceps
Small, often rather active little bird of shady forest understory in humid tropical lowlands; often in areas with understory palms. Usually in pairs at middle levels moving with mixed-species flocks that often include Golden-crowned Warbler and Red-crowned Ant-Tanager. Rather drab brownish overall with tawny bushy crest, paler gray face and throat, and piercing pale eye (can be hard to see in the shade). Often gives a twangy, nasal “dwoi-dwoi-dwoi” call and a high, insectlike, whining whistle.
开始您的观鸟之旅
在户外识别鸟类，并在下一次观察时随手查阅鸟类图鉴。