Black-breasted Thrush
Turdus dissimilis
Handsome small thrush. Male has a black head, gray back, and orange belly. Female is brown above and orange below, with a heavily black-streaked throat and upper breast; yellow bill and heavier streaking separate her from female Gray-backed Thrush, which may overlap with Black-breasted in winter. Black-breasted breeds in mid- to high-elevation forests and descends into foothills and upper lowlands in the winter. Song is typical of a thrush: highly varied phrases of fluidly melodic notes.
识别特征
The black-breasted thrush is 22 centimetres (8.7 in) to 23.5 centimetres (9.3 in) long in total, including its tail. Whereas the lower parts are the same colour for both genders, the upper and middle parts are where they differ. For males, the section spanning from their head to the back of their neck and breast area is black, and the remaining areas at the top are slate gray. On the other hand, females are gray-brown from their eyes to their tail, and the section from their throat to their breast is a "diffused" shade of buff.
分类信息
The black-breasted thrush belongs to the order Passeriformes and the family Turdidae. The species is a monotypic taxon – it has been hypothesized that it forms part of a larger superspecies, classified together with Tickell's thrush (T. unicolor) and the grey-backed thrush (T. hortulorum). It was previously thought to have conspecificity with the latter species of thrush. The black-breasted thrush was first described by Edward Blyth in 1847 and was found in the lower Bengal region.
- 学名
- Turdus dissimilis
- 命名信息
- Blyth, 1847
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Turdidae
- 属
- Turdus
分布与栖息地
The bird is found from north-eastern India to northern Vietnam. Their preferred habitats are tropical and subtropical montane forests that are moist. Other suitable habitats that are less important include tropical and subtropical dry forests – for native populations that are resident – as well as tropical/subtropical moist shrubland and mangroves located above the level of high tide. In southwestern China, these birds can also be found in hilly areas.<p>They are typically found at relatively high elevations of between 1,220 metres (4,000 ft) to 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) high. However, they tend to descend to lower altitudes during the winter at around 200 metres (660 ft).<p>The black-breasted thrush has been placed on the Least Concern category of the IUCN Red List, even though its population has been decreasing throughout the last ten years. This is because the reduction in the estimated population is not swift enough to merit Vulnerable status under the IUCN criterion for population trend, which is a decline of more than 30% in ten years or three generations The population decline has been attributed to continuing "destruction and degradation" of the bird's natural habitat. The size of its distribution range is over 752,000 square kilometres (290,000 sq mi).
- 迁徙
- Vertical migration
行为
The call of the black-breasted thrush has been described as "sweet mellow" and "melodious", with their musical phrases spanning 3–8 notes. They consume insects, molluscs and berries. The food they gather is usually from the ground, although they occasionally fly to fruit trees. Their time of breeding differs depending on the country in which they are situated. Black-breasted thrushes in India reproduce from April to July; those in Myanmar do so from April to June; in China, these birds mate from May until June.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Siberian Crane
Leucogeranus leucogeranus
Rare and declining, but still fairly abundant at its main wintering grounds at Poyang Lake, in China’s Jiangxi Province. Adult is unmistakable with all-white plumage, save for a crimson face and black wingtips. Juveniles are whitish, with a light brown head, neck, back, and wings. Typically found around lake edges and fields, where it forages in small to medium-sized groups, primarily for plant matter and invertebrates.
Black-headed Jay
Garrulus lanceolatus
Largely gray with a black head, a scruffy crest, white streaks on the throat, and a pale bill. The wings and tail are blue through the middle with black barring, leading to thick black and white bands. It is omnivorous and feeds on the ground and in the trees. It can be quite bold and often occurs around human habitation, where it may feed off garbage dumps and agricultural land. The calls include a few raspy and nasal variants of a harsh “kraaa.”
Barred Puffbird
Nystalus radiatus
An unobtrusive bird with an oversized head and bill. Look for tiger-striped pattern—warm cinnamon-brown overall with uneven black barring. Also note slightly darker cap and staring pale eye. Uncommon; found around forest edge and secondary woodland in the lowlands from Panama to western Ecuador. Perches still for long periods of time, often on an exposed perch. Frequently detected by distinctive wolf-whistling calls.
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