Eastern Chat-Tanager
Calyptophilus frugivorus
A long-tailed, shy, ground-feeding species of wet broadleaf forests with dense undergrowth, especially near streams from sea level to 2,000 meters elevation. Dark brown, with white throat that contrasts sharply with dark gray-brown chest and belly. Primarily feeds in thick leaf litter. Rather similar to the Western Chat-Tanager, which is a bit larger and lacks the yellow eyering seen on Eastern Chat-Tanager. Songs include a squeaky “whi whi wit which-you,” and a “tsit tsit tsit-sweeek,” with a thin, high-pitched, and upslurred “sweeek.” Also a, “whe-whe-ts-tsi” and “pit-tee-oo ts tsi tsi tsi.” Songs are not as clearly whistled as are those of the Western Chat-Tanager. Call is a high, thin “tsit.”
识别特征
The eastern chat-tanager is 17 to 19 cm (6.7 to 7.5 in) long and weighs about 26 to 39 g (0.92 to 1.4 oz). It has a long bill and a long tail so it somewhat resembles a mockingbird's shape. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a dusky brown crown and a mostly dark grayish brown face with a yellow line between the bill and eye and a yellow ring around the eye. Their upperparts are dark olive-brown. Their throat and underparts are white with a heavy wash of grayish brown on the flanks and lower belly. Subspecies C. f. neibae is smaller and darker than the nominate and has a reddish tail. C. f. abbotti is slightly smaller and a more grayish brown than the nominate.
分类信息
The eastern chat-tanager has three subspecies, the nominate C. f. frugivorus, C. f. neibae, and C. f. abbotti. Of these, only C. f. neibae is confirmed extant; the other two are considered extinct. It shares its genus with the western chat-tanager (C. tertius), which was previously treated as a fourth subspecies. The genus was long included in family Thraupidae, the "true" tanagers, but it was moved in 2017.
- 学名
- Calyptophilus frugivorus
- 命名信息
- (Cory, 1883)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Calyptophilidae
- 属
- Calyptophilus
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of the eastern chat-tanager, C. f. frugivorus, occurred on the Samaná Peninsula on the northeast coast of the Dominican Republic but is considered extinct, with no records since the early 1980s. The subspecies C. f. neibae is found in the central Sierra de Neiba mountain range of the western Dominican Dominican Republic and possibly into Haiti. C. f. abbotti was found on Gonâve Island off the west coast of Haiti but is also believed to be extinct since the early 1980s; however, a lack of extensive surveys on the island means the subspecies potentially survives.<p>In the Dominican Republic, the species inhabits dense undergrowth in montane forest, especially in ravines and along streams. C. f. frugivorus was mostly found below 600 m (2,000 ft) but C. f. neibae can range up to or above 2,000 m (6,600 ft). C. f. abbotti's habitat on Gonâve was semi-arid scrublands near sea level.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The eastern chat-tanager is a year-round resident throughout its range. It is secretive and usually encountered on or near the ground.<p>The eastern chat-tanager forages on or near the ground, usually in pairs. Its diet is mostly insects and other invertebrates with a small amount of fruit.<p>The eastern chat-tanager's breeding season is thought to be May to July. Almost nothing is known about its breeding biology. Only one nest has been found; it was cup shaped, placed in a fern by a blackberry Rubus patch, and contained one egg.<p>Both sexes of the eastern chat-tanager sing, usually at dawn. The species is "regarded as among the finest [singers] on Hispaniola". The nominate subspecies' song is "a low slurred or whistled 'swerp, swerp, chip, chip, chip...'" and that of C. f. neibae is "weet-weet-werp chip-cheep-sweet...". Both make "a sharp 'chin chin chin'" call.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Tristan Albatross
Diomedea dabbenena
Huge albatross of the South Atlantic Ocean; breeds on Gough and Inaccessible Islands. Ranges extensively at sea from Argentina to South Africa, occasionally further east, but identification from other Wandering-type albatrosses is very difficult and often presumed by range. Plumage highly variable, starting chocolate-brown with a white face and gradually becoming whiter over many years. Younger birds separated from Southern Royal Albatross by darker tail, brown markings on head and back, and lack of black “lips” on cutting edge of bill. Older birds more difficult to separate; focus on more coarsely marked upperwings, often with conspicuous white patch in center of wing, and lack of black “lips”. Often shows orange stain on cheek, never shown by Southern Royal. Identification from other Wandering-type Albatross, especially Snowy, extremely difficult. Tristan usually occurs further north, but significant overlap.
Society Kingfisher
Todiramphus veneratus
A medium-sized kingfisher. Male of the Tahiti form is dark green above and white below with a paler aquamarine eyebrow. Male of the Moorea form is light tawny-brown above and whitish below with a pale collar. Female has a dark brownish chest band and is overall browner than male. Found in forested habitats up to 300 meters of elevation on Moorea and 1700 meters of elevation on Tahiti. Overlaps with Chattering Kingfisher, but lacks the white eyebrow of that species and is overall less pale and darker green. Typical rattling “ki-ki-ki-ki-ki” is commonly heard.
Russet-winged Spadebill
Platyrinchus leucoryphus
Small flycatcher with a broad flat bill, although the bill shape can be difficult to see. A rare inhabitant of the undergrowth of humid forests and old second growth. Note the white spot on an olive-brown crown, a prominent buff eyebrow, and pale ear patch. The back is olive-brown in contrast to the cinnamon wings, white throat, and buff belly. The call is a very sharp whistled “tchew-tchew.”
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