Green-backed Trogon
Trogon viridis
Often first detected by its song: a melodic series of “kua kua kua kua” notes, similar to Surucua Trogon, but faster. Perches quietly in an upright position for long periods. Males have a green back, a bluish head and breast, a yellow belly. The underside of the tail is white with dark centers. Females have a gray-brown head and breast. Their tail is similar to the male’s but also has gray horizontal bars. Found in the upper to middle levels of humid forests, at forest edges, and in lighter woodlands and second growth.
识别特征
This relatively large trogon is 28 to 30 centimetres (11 to 12 in) long. As most trogons, it is strongly sexually dimorphic. In the male the head and upper breast are dark blue (appears blackish in poor light), and the back is green. The lower underparts are orange yellow. The wings are black, vermiculated with white. The undertail is black and white: Each feather has a broad black base and a broad white tip and outer edge. The complete eye-ring is pale bluish. The female green-backed trogon resembles the male, but has a grey back, head and breast, and distinct black-and-white barring mainly to the outer webs of each tail feather.<p>For comparison, the similar but smaller violaceous trogon has a yellow (male) or incomplete white eye-ring (female), and the male also has barring to the undertail.<p>There is no overlap in the distribution of the green-backed and white-tailed trogons, but the two can be separated by the undertail pattern: Unlike the green-backed trogon, the male white-tailed trogon only has a very narrow black base to each feather (the undertail appears almost entirely white), and the female mainly has black-and-white barring to the inner webs of each feather (can be difficult to see). The male white-tailed trogon also has a bluer rump than the green-backed trogon.<p>The song of the green-backed trogon consists of about 20 cow notes that start slow, but accelerate towards the end. The song is slower than the white-tailed trogon, and higher pitched than the black-tailed trogon.
分类信息
The green-backed trogon was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1766 in the twelfth edition of his Systema Naturae. He placed it with the other togons in the genus Trogon and coined the binomial name Trogon viridis. Linnaeus based his description on "Le couroucou verd de Cayenne" that had been described and illustrated in 1760 by French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson. The specific epithet viridis is the Latin word for "green". The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.<p>On the same page of his Systema Naturae Linnaeus introduced the binomial name Trogon strigilatus for the female of this species. He based his description on Brisson's "Couroucou cendré de Cayenne". Although in 1945 James L. Peters used the epithet strigilatus rather that viridis in his Check-List of Birds of the World, the epithet viridis is now the accepted name.<p>The green-backed trogon and the white-tailed trogon (T. chionurus) were formerly treated as conspecific under the common name "white-tailed trogon". A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2008 found that the chionurus samples from west Ecuador and Panama were more closely related to Baird's trogon (T. bairdii) than they were to the viridis samples from the east of the Andes. Based on this result and the plumage differences, the species was split and chionurus was promoted to species status. The nominate subspecies viridis was given the new common name "green-backed trogon" while chionurus retained the name "white-tailed trogon".
- 学名
- Trogon viridis
- 命名信息
- Linnaeus, 1766
- 目
- Trogoniformes
- 科
- Trogonidae
- 属
- Trogon
分布与栖息地
It is found in tropical humid forests in South America, where its range includes the Amazon, the Guiana Shield, Trinidad, and the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil. It is a resident of humid tropical forests, and is typically the commonest trogon in its range.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
They typically perch upright and motionless. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Green-backed trogons feed mainly on small fruit, supplemented by arthropods and lizards – slightly more so in the dry season when fruit are scarce, but even then they seem to be among the most frugivorous trogons in their range. They are consequently more rarely seen to attend mixed-species feeding flocks than other trogons.<p>It nests in a termite nest or a hole in a rotten tree. The nest is usually if not always built by the female which excavates an upward-sloping tunnel ending in a breeding chamber. The nesting season is apparently mainly during the summer months (June–August). The clutch is typically two or three white eggs. These are incubated for 16–17 days, with a further two weeks to fledging.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Fork-tailed Drongo
Dicrurus adsimilis
A red-eyed all-black upright bird with a narrow tail that splays out into a deep fork. Pairs and singles are found in a variety of wooded and open country, avoiding forest interior. They are often found in the vicinity of wild and domestic large mammals, hawking insects that they flush up. Occasionally joins mixed-species flocks. Loud and vocal bird that gives a variety of unmelodic, noisy, and mechanical notes, sometimes including imitations of other bird species. Similar to Sharpe’s and Square-tailed Drongos, but note larger size and much more deeply forked tail of Fork-tailed Drongo. Also similar to Velvet-mantled Drongo, but found in open habitats rather than forest, and has a glossy-black back that doesn’t contrast strongly with the glossy wing, and a less deeply forked tail.
Sulawesi Myna
Basilornis celebensis
A glossy-black starling with a rounded crest and prominent pale markings on cheeks and breast sides. Juvenile dark brown with a pale underside. Inhabits canopy of forest, forest edge, and nearby degraded areas within lowlands and foothills, typically in pairs or small groups. Distinguished from Short-tailed and Asian Glossy Starlings by large-headed appearance (due to crest) and conspicuous pale patches in plumage. Calls include a clear, metallic, piercing “tzew” and “tzip” as well as “zowee” notes; also gives quiet buzzy warbles.
Mauritius Bulbul
Hypsipetes olivaceus
A medium-sized dark gray bird with a black cap and a carrot-colored bill, endemic to the island of Mauritius. Found in remnant humid forest as well as secondary forest and some forest dominated by exotic trees; now mostly confined to middle and high elevations. Often in small, noisy groups. Somewhat similar to male Mauritius Cuckooshrike, but easily separated by the orange bill and many other details. The song is an unmusical but varied series of rattling, metallic, and scraping notes, often given from a high perch. The calls include a “chek” note and a long mew.
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