Viudita Aliblanca

Identificación

The white-winged black tyrant (Knipolegus aterrimus) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, and as a vagrant to Brazil and Chile.

Taxonomía

The white-winged black tyrant was formally described in 1853 as Cnipolegus aterrimus . [ 5 ] The genus' spelling was later changed to Knipolegus . What is now Knipolegus franciscanus was long treated as a subspecies of K. aterrimus . By 2008 HBW had treated it as a full species. [ 6 ] Following a 2012 publication that confirmed its status, other taxonomic systems followed suit, though they variously call it the Sao Francisco black tyrant and caatinga black-tyrant. [ 7 ] [ 3 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The white-winged black tyrant's further taxonomy is unsettled. The IOC and the Clements taxonomy assign it three subspecies, the nominate K. a. aterrimus ( Kaup , 1853), K. a. anthracinus ( Heine , 1860), and K. a. heterogyna ( Berlepsch , 1907). BirdLife International 's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) recognizes heterogyna as a separate species, the white-rumped black-tyrant. Clements recognizes heterogyna as the "white-winged black-tyrant (white-rumped)" within the species. [ 3 ] [ 8 ] [ 10 ] This article follows the one species, three-subspecies model.

Nombre científico

Knipolegus aterrimus

Autoridad

Kaup, 1853

Orden

Passeriformes

Familia

Tyrannidae

Género

Knipolegus

Distribución y hábitat

The white-winged black tyrant has a disjunct distribution . Subspecies K. a. heterogyna is found separately from the other two, in Peru's Marañón River valley between the departments of Cajamarca and Ancash (not shown on map). Subspecies K. a. anthracinus is found from Junín Department in central Peru south and east into northwestern Bolivia's La Paz Department . The nominate subspecies is found from southern La Paz and Cochabamba departments in Bolivia south through western Paraguay and Argentina as far as Chubut Province . [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] The species has also occurred as a vagrant in Brazil and Chile. [ 4 ] The white-winged black tyrant inhabits a variety of somewhat open arid and semi-arid landscapes. These include scrublands, woodlands, the edges of thicker forest, and secondary forest . In elevation it mostly ranges overall between 1,500 and 3,000 m (4,900 and 9,800 ft) but occasionally is found as low as 250 m (800 ft) and as high as 3,800 m (12,500 ft) . In Peru it occurs between 1,800 and 3,600 m (5,900 and 11,800 ft) . [ 11 ] [ 12 ]

Migración

Migrantes completos

Comportamiento

Patrón migratorio: Migrantes completos.

Conservación

Tendencia poblacional: estable.

Tendencia poblacional

estable