Golden-cheeked Woodpecker
Melanerpes chrysogenys
Common in tropical lowlands of west Mexico, where it is endemic. Found in woodlands, coconut plantations, gardens, and semi-open areas with taller trees, including towns and villages. Often noisy and conspicuous; calls include a sneezy "cháco cháco." Golden wash to cheeks is inconspicuous, but big black eye patch is diagnostic among similar "ladder-backed" woodpeckers. Male has flame-red crown patch and female has pale grayish crown.
Identification
The golden-cheeked woodpecker is about 19 to 22 cm (7.5 to 8.7 in) long and weighs 55 to 88 g (1.9 to 3.1 oz). The sexes' plumage is alike except for their head pattern. Adult males of the nominate subspecies have a whitish forehead, a red crown, and a yellow-gold nape and hindneck. Adult females have the same whitish forehead but a grayish-buff crown and an orange-red nape. In both sexes a wide black area surrounds the eye. Their upperparts are barred black and white; the black is widest on the rump and uppertail coverts. Their flight feathers are black with white bars throughout. Their tail is black with white bars on the central pair of feathers and progressively more white on each pair out from them. Their lores and under the eye are deep golden-yellow and their cheeks, chin, and throat are golden-buff. Their underparts are mostly gray-brown to brownish-buff with a strong olive-yellow wash and a yellowish orange patch on the central belly. Their lower flanks and undertail coverts are grayer with dark bars. Their bill is longish and black, their iris is reddish to orange-brown, the bare skin around the eye blackish, and the legs green-gray. Juveniles have grayer or browner upperparts with less contrasting barring than adults, and paler and grayer underparts with a strong yellow cast and obscure bars. Both sexes have red on their crown but females less than males and often more black. Subspecies M. c. flavinuchus is slightly larger and duller than the nominate, has less yellow on its face and yellow instead of red on its hindneck, and has grayer underparts.
Taxonomy
The golden-cheeked woodpecker has sometimes been placed in genus Centurus. It has two subspecies, the nominate M. c. chrysogenys (Vigors, 1839) and M. c. flavinuchus (Ridgway, 1911).
- Scientific name
- Melanerpes chrysogenys
- Authority
- (Vigors, 1839)
- Order
- Piciformes
- Family
- Picidae
- Genus
- Melanerpes
Range and habitat
The nominate subspecies of golden-cheeked woodpecker is found in western Mexico between Sinaloa and Nayarit. M. c. flavinuchus is found from Jalisco in west central Mexico south along the coast to Oaxaca and east to Puebla. The species inhabits the interior and edges of mesophytic to xeric forest and more open landscapes like patches of forest, savanna with trees, and plantations. In elevation it ranges from sea level to about 1,500 m (4,900 ft).
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The golden-cheeked woodpecker is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The golden-cheeked woodpecker feeds both on insects like ants and adult and larval beetles, and also on fruits and seeds. It forages on trees from their middle to upper levels, singly or in pairs, and gleans, probes, and pecks for its food.<p>The golden-cheeked woodpecker's breeding season is from May to July. It excavates its nest hole in a tree or cactus. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The golden-cheeked woodpecker makes a variety of vocalizations including a "nasal 'ki-di-dik'", a "loud, nasal 'cheek-oo, cheek-oo, cheek-oo, keh-i-heh-ek'" and a "softer 'keh-i-heh' or 'kuh-uh-uh'."
Conservation
- Population trend
- stable
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Palawan Blue Flycatcher
Cyornis lemprieri
A fairly small bird of lowland and foothill forest on Palawan and neighboring islands. Relatively large for a flycatcher, with a white belly and an orange throat and chest. Male has blue upperparts, a blackish face and edge of the wing, and a pale blue eyebrow and forecrown. Female has a gray head with a broken white eye-ring, brown wings, and a rufous tail. Similar to Mangrove Blue-Flycatcher, but male Palawan has paler blue upperparts and a paler orange chest. Song consists of pleasant, tinkling phrases of five or so metallic notes, each one slightly different.
Yellow-rumped Flycatcher
Ficedula zanthopygia
Gaudy male striking, with yolk-yellow underparts and rump and black upperparts set off by white supercilium and wing patch. Female less brightly colored but still distinctive, with brown upperparts, a smaller yellow rump and white wing patch, and whitish underparts with faint scaling on the breast. Breeds in broadleaf and mixed forests, especially groves in riparian areas. Can be encountered in a wide range of wooded areas outside of the breeding season, from coastal scrub to pristine hill forests. Song is a short, thrush-like series of burry whistles.
Collared Forest-Falcon
Micrastur semitorquatus
Large and lanky, but heard much more often than seen. Widespread in tropical forest, ranging into semi-open areas with larger trees; in West Mexico it even occurs up into pine-oak forest high in the mountains. Hunts from canopy to forest floor, but usually calls from high in trees. Note the long yellow legs and long rounded tail with narrow white bars. Adults are usually white below, with dark ‘sideburns,’ but can be buffy below, and very rarely are black overall. Immatures have variable dark barring below.
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