Sparkling-tailed Hummingbird
Tilmatura dupontii
Very small, rather insectlike hummingbird found locally in foothills and highlands; uncommon. Occurs mainly in shrubby areas with flower banks, within areas of open woodland and forest. When feeding at flowers, flies slowly and methodically, like a big bee, often with the tail held cocked. Best field mark is the big white rump patches, which contribute to the beelike aspect. Male has long, forked tail (usually closed in a point) with white bands. Female is rather plain but is distinctly buffy below.
Identification
Male sparkling-tailed woodstars are 8.2 to 10.1 cm (3.2 to 4.0 in) long. Females are 5.8 to 7.5 cm (2.3 to 3.0 in) long. Twelve specimens weighed an average of 2.23 g (0.079 oz). Both sexes have a long, straight, black bill and a large white patch on each side of the rump. Males have metallic green upperparts, a grayish white breast, and dark metallic bronze green belly and flanks. Their gorget is metallic violet blue. The central two pairs of tail feathers are metallic bronze green. The outer three pairs are about four times as long as the inner pairs, giving a deeply forked tail. They are purplish black with white tips and the outer two pairs also have a chestnut band and a white band. The female has metallic bronze or bronze green upperparts and cinnamon underparts that are darker on the flanks and lower belly. The tail is only slightly forked. The central two pairs of feathers are metallic bronze green with black tips. The outer three pairs have bronze green bases, a wide black band near the tip, and pale cinnamon or white tips.
Taxonomy
The sparkling-tailed woodstar is the only member of its genus and has no subspecies. However, some authors have proposed that it belongs to the larger genus Philodice and others have assigned a second subspecies to it. Neither of these treatments have received significant support.
- Scientific name
- Tilmatura dupontii
- Authority
- (Lesson, RP, 1832)
- Order
- Apodiformes
- Family
- Trochilidae
- Genus
- Tilmatura
Range and habitat
The sparkling-tailed woodstar is found discontinuously in Mexico from Sinaloa in the west and Veracruz in the east through Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras into northern Nicaragua. It inhabits semi-open landscapes such as the edges of pine-oak forest, bushy secondary forest, and scrubby woods. In elevation it generally ranges from 750 to 2,500 m (2,500 to 8,200 ft) though it occurs locally or seasonally almost down to sea level.
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The sparkling-tailed woodstars movements are not well known; it possibly makes seasonal movements to lower elevations.<p>The sparkling-tailed woodstar forages for nectar by trap-lining, visiting a circuit of flowering plants and trees. It seeks nectar at all levels of the vegetation with a slow, bee-like flight, and apparently feeds at a wide variety of plants but details are lacking. In addition to nectar, it feeds on insects captured by hawking from a perch.<p>Almost nothing is known about the sparkling-tailed woodstar's breeding phenology. Individuals collected in August in western Mexico were in breeding condition, so the breeding season apparently includes that month.<p>The sparkling-tailed woodstar's song is "a very high, thin, but musical squeaking in a continuous stream, rising and falling slightly and lasting for many seconds at a time." It is sung from a high exposed perch. It also occasionally gives "high, sharp, twittering chirps".
Conservation
- Population trend
- stable
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
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Gymnobucco sladeni
Dark, chunky barbet with an odd tuft of buff feathers on its forehead. Usually found in small groups on and around dead trees in lowland rainforest, gallery forest, and secondary growth. Sometimes occurs alongside Gray-throated Barbet. The vocalizations include nasal “squeaky toy” calls and agitated dry rattles. Gray-throated Barbet also has a dark bill, but Sladen’s Barbet is separated from that species by its largely unfeathered head.
African Blue Flycatcher
Elminia longicauda
A slim, slightly crested flycatcher with a long tail that is often fanned. Uniformly blue, including the tail, with slightly paler underparts. Found in rainforest, gallery forest, lush gardens and woodland, and mangroves. Often joins mixed-species feeding flocks. Similar to White-tailed Blue Flycatcher, but has virtually no overlap in range and is easily separated by its entirely blue tail. The song is a long, complex mix of high-pitched warbling and chattering notes, and the call is a ringing “chi-wee.”
White-shouldered Ibis
Pseudibis davisoni
Dark, burly medium-sized ibis. Restricted pale patches on the nape and shoulder distinguish this from all-dark ibises. Habitat preferences differ somewhat in two parts of disjunct range; Bornean birds favor mature riparian forests, while Indochinese birds are generally found in wet or flooded openings in dry forest and wooded plains. Forages singly, in pairs, or in small groups. Often disperses with the arrival of seasonal rains. Gives loud, resonating honks and croaking roars. Declining across range; status of Bornean population especially tenuous.
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