Taiwan Bush Warbler
Locustella alishanensis
Drab brown and skulking, this medium-sized endemic songbird can be difficult to locate but can be confiding once found. Largely rich brown and unmarked, but some birds have a streaked or spotted pattern on the pale throat. Brown-flanked and Yellow-bellied Bush Warblers are smaller and warmer brown, with a sharply contrasting supercilium. Breeds in mid- to high-elevation forests and edges and descends to lower elevations in the winter; stays low in dense bushes and shrubbery. Gives a hiccuping song consisting of melancholy whistles interrupted by ticking clicks. Calls are harsh rasping insect-like notes.
Identification
The Taiwan bush warbler is about 14 cm (5.5 in) long and weighs about 10 g (0.35 oz). The male and female are alike. The head is dull rufous-brown, the crown having narrow dark tips. The indistinct supercilium and eye-ring are pale buff. The upperparts, from the mantle to the wings and tail, are dull russet-brown. The chin and throat are white, the lower throat usually having spots. The upper breast is greyish brown, and the lower breast and belly are white. The undertail coverts are dark rufous-brown with warm-coloured tips. The beak is black, and in winter the lower mandible is sometimes pale. The feet are pale pink, and the eyes are reddish brown. The juvenile bird has a brownish breast and does not have spots.
Taxonomy
This bush warbler was first recorded from Alishan in 1917. At first, it was thought to be a population of Bradypterus luteoventris. In 1952, Jean Théodore Delacour placed it within subspecies idoneus of B. seebohmi (now split into several species). Later authorities placed it in subspecies melanorhynchus. In the late 1980s, its song was found to be very distinctive, unlike other related species. In 2000, Pamela C. Rasmussen, Philip D. Round, Edward C. Dickinson and Frank Rozendaal described the population as a distinct species, Bradypterus alishanensis, based on its distinctive song and morphological observations. It was later transferred to the genus Locustella. A 2015 study concluded that it was the sister taxon of the russet bush warbler (Locustella mandelli) species complex, being genetically more divergent than the species in the complex.
- Scientific name
- Locustella alishanensis
- Authority
- (Rasmussen, Round, Dickinson & Rozendaal, 2000)
- Order
- Passeriformes
- Family
- Locustellidae
- Genus
- Locustella
Range and habitat
This species is endemic to Taiwan. It breeds in mountains 1,200–3,000 m (3,900–9,800 ft) above sea level, sometimes below 1,000 m (3,300 ft). It does not migrate, but in winter, it may move to lower elevations. Its habitat is deciduous and coniferous woodland with thick undergrowth consisting of grasses, shrubs or ferns, and also grass and bamboo near the tree line. It is present in habitats disturbed by humans.
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The Taiwan bush warbler's behaviour is very similar to that of the russet bush warbler. The Taiwan bush warbler mostly sings in the morning and evening, starting in late March, and it has also been heard in winter. Its song is a repeated sequence of one monotone whistle and three or four clicks; the sequence is usually repeated more than ten times, ending with the whistle. This is unlike the nasal and metallic song of the russet bush warbler and the staccato song of the brown bush warbler. Calls include a scratchy ksh ksh ksh, a sharp tick and a stip. It breeds in May and June, and possibly as late as August. The nest is built in grass, and there are two eggs per clutch. The holotype specimen has insects in its stomach.
Conservation
- Population trend
- stable
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
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Black-tailed Treecreeper
Climacteris melanurus
Distinctive very dark bird with large feet, most often seen running up and down the sides of trees in dry forest, savanna, and moist lowland forest of northern Australia, where it is the only treecreeper species. Uniformly rich, dark brown, almost black, with white streaks on the throat. In flight. shows bold tan wingbars. The western subspecies (wellsi) has reddish-brown underparts. Call is a slow, repeated "pip pip pip," usually followed by a fast trill of the same note.
Lagden's Bushshrike
Malaconotus lagdeni
Big bushshrike with a large, laterally flattened bill. Note the black wing with yellowish spotting and the gray head. The breast is yellow in the eastern part of the range, washed with orange in the west. Found in the thick understory and mid-story of humid forest. The song is a long, hollow hoot that is slowly repeated. Also gives quicker hoots and whistles. Similar to Fiery-breasted Bushshrike, but separated by the gray rather than pale lores, the pale yellow bars on the front of the wing, and the lack of a black bar near the tip of the tail.
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