White-faced Nunbird
Hapaloptila castanea
Rare and elusive denizen of Andean cloud forest; found at higher elevations than any other puffbird. Distinctive; note especially the stout, black bill bordered by white feathers, chestnut underparts, and red eye. Found inside forest, often near exposed earthen banks, which they favor as nesting sites. Remains motionless for extended periods before suddenly sallying out to catch an insect or other small animal. Typical song is a series of evenly spaced, mellow whistles that can be imitated.
Identification
The white-faced nunbird is 23 to 25 cm (9.1 to 9.8 in) long and weighs 75 to 84 g (2.6 to 3.0 oz). It has a large white patch above the bill with a narrow black border at its top. The crown is gray-brown, the mantle and sides of the face dark brown, and the rest of the upperparts including wings and tail an even darker brown. The chin and throat are white and the rest of the underparts bright chestnut. The bill is black, the eye red, and the legs and feet gray. The sexes are essentially the same, with the female perhaps having paler underparts.
Taxonomy
The white-faced nunbird is the only member of its genus and has no subspecies. It is not a "true" nunbird (genus Monasa) and is sometimes called the white-face puffbird.
- Scientific name
- Hapaloptila castanea
- Authority
- (Verreaux, J, 1866)
- Order
- Piciformes
- Family
- Bucconidae
- Genus
- Hapaloptila
Range and habitat
The white-faced nunbird is found on the east slope of the Andes from western Colombia through eastern Ecuador into northwestern and central Peru. It inhabits the interior and edges of humid to wet forest and cloudforest, often on steep slopes and in ravines. It is usually seen from the midstory to the subcanopy. In Colombia and Ecuador it typically ranges from 1,500 to 2,900 m (4,900 to 9,500 ft) of elevation but has been recorded as low as 750 m (2,500 ft). In Peru it is found only between 1,800 to 2,600 m (5,900 to 8,500 ft).
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The white-faced nunbird mostly forages in the canopy though it is active at all levels. Its diet is primarily insects and other arthropods but also includes some small vertebrates. It occasionally joins mixed-species foraging flocks.<p>The white-faced nunbird's breeding season has not been fully defined but it includes April and May. One nest has been described. It was a leaf-lined chamber at the end of a 38 cm (15 in) long tunnel in an earthen bank. The clutch size was two eggs. Both members of the pair dug the burrow, incubated the eggs, and fed the young.<p>The white-faced nunbird's song is "a series of upward- or downward-inflected (sometimes level) single hoots, or double hoots like pygmy-owl (Glaucidium), sometimes extending to trill or interspersed with rasping notes". It sometimes sings all day but is most vocal near dawn. Its calls are "a mournful, downslurred 'wuooooo' [and a] series of accelerating, then decelerating barking notes, 'pah pah-pahpahpapapapa-pah-pah-grr?'."
Conservation
- Population trend
- stable
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
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Beautiful bunting found very locally in foothills on Pacific slope of southern Mexico; endemic. Occurs in brushy woodland and edge, often in canyons with permanent water. Found singly or in small groups feeding mainly in seeding grasses and at all levels in fruiting trees and bushes. Male unmistakable: electric blue and rose-pink with a broken white eyering. Female much drabber but has broken white eyering and variable pink blush to underparts.
Waigeo Brushturkey
Aepypodius bruijnii
A very little-known, large, black ground bird endemic to the upland forests on Waigeo Island. Black above with some chestnut in the breast and a bare pink head and throat. The male has rather distasteful flaps of bare red skin on the head and a wattle hanging down from the base of the throat. The male often twitches his head. The only other member of the family on Waigeo is the Dusky Scrubfowl, but Waigeo Brushturkey is larger with a pinkish head.
Half-collared Kingfisher
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Dark-blue kingfisher of aquatic habitats. Note the dark bill and dark blue face. Found mostly along wooded and forested streams and rivers, though also occurs in some other wetland habitats including freshwater marshes and coastal lagoons. Secretive, solitary, and generally uncommon. Call is a high-pitched “seet.” Larger than Malachite Kingfisher, with a black bill. Similar to juvenile Malachite, which has a dark bill, but Half-collared has a dark face without any orange.
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