Heuglin's Wheatear

Medium-sized plover with a pale throat, brown back, and white belly. Breeding adults have a black mask and a bright orange chest and neck; males average brighter than females. Non-breeding and immature birds are brownish above and white below, with a variable white forehead and eyebrow. Compare with slightly larger Greater Sand-Plover; Tibetan is proportionally smaller-headed and darker-legged, and its shorter bill has a slight bulge at the tip. Smaller Kentish Plover can be similar in non-breeding plumage; Tibetan is taller and longer-legged, without Kentish’s strong white neck band. Very difficult to distinguish from Siberian Sand-Plover, especially nonbreeding and immature birds, though identification can often be presumed by range. In breeding plumage, note the more extensive black mask of Tibetan, typically lacking the white spot on the forehead of Siberian. In nonbreeding plumage, look for a generally broken breast band and clean white flanks in Tibetan. In areas of overlap many birds best left unidentified. Breeds on margins of high-elevation lakes and rivers in China and Mongolia; winters on coastal mudflats, beaches, and inland lakes from Africa to Indonesia.

A large, long-tailed green parrot with an orange bill and a wing patch, red in males and yellow in females, that is visible both perched and in flight. Juvenile is like female, but lacks wing patch. Singles or small flocks can be found in a variety of wooded areas, like forests and plantations, in lowlands and mountains. Limited to a few islands in the Lesser Sundas. Distinguished from Olive-headed and Marigold Lorikeets by its larger size, its broad square tail, and its lack of a dark hood. Gives raucous, shrill screeches, high-pitched tinkling, and lower-pitched “kraak-kraaak” calls.

A rotund, striking bird, medium-sized with green and yellow body and large white wing spots. Male has black head, yellow underparts, and blurred red chest patch; female lacks black head and shows yellowish underparts with green barring. Both sexes short-tailed with orange eyes and small orange bill. Often alone or in pairs, perching quietly in the low to high levels of the forest. Fairly common in humid forests in foothills or at higher elevations. Not as vocal as other fruiteaters. Female distinguished from Golden-breasted Fruiteater primarily by green barring (not streaking) on underparts. Endemic to the Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela.