Hispaniolan Emerald
Riccordia swainsonii
An inhabitant of moist montane woodlands including coffee plantations. The long-tailed male is distinctively entirely iridescent green and the base of the bill is red. The female is metallic green above, dingy white below, and has a relatively long, forked tail. The Antillean Mango is shorter tailed (wings just about even with tail tip when perched) and has a distinctly down-curved bill. The Vervain Hummingbird is much smaller and shorter billed than the Hispaniolan Emerald. Most common vocalization is a sharp “tic,” most often given in a prolonged series at about five “tics” per second.
Identification
Male Hispaniolan emeralds are 9.5 to 10.5 cm (3.7 to 4.1 in) long and females 8.5 to 9.5 cm (3.3 to 3.7 in). The species weighs between 2.5 and 5 g (0.088 and 0.18 oz). Both sexes have a small white spot behind the eye. Males have a bill whose mandible is red and the maxilla black, and that is slightly decurved at the outer end. Its forehead, crown, and cheeks are dull dark brown; the rest of its upperparts and flanks are dark green with a bronze tinge and the uppertail coverts are dark green. Its throat is iridescent green with a large black patch below it. The rest of its underparts are a darker green than the upperparts with dark green undertail coverts. The tail is deeply forked and dark brown. The female's bill is more deeply decurved than the male's. Its head and upperparts are like the male's. Its underparts are gray that is darker on the belly and undertail coverts. The outermost pair of tail feathers have a gray base, a wide dark brown band near the end, and a white tip. The next pair inward is mostly dark grass green becoming black at the end. The inner three pairs are green.
Taxonomy
The Hispaniolan emerald was formerly placed in the genus Chlorostilbon. Based on a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 and a 2017 publication, the North American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society, the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), and the Clements taxonomy moved it to the resurrected genus Riccordia. However, as of 2020 BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) retained it in Chlorostilbon.<p>The Hispaniolan emerald is closely related to the Cuban emerald (Riccordia ricordii) and the Puerto Rican emerald (R. maugaeus). It is monotypic.
- Scientific name
- Riccordia swainsonii
- Authority
- (Lesson, RP, 1829)
- Order
- Apodiformes
- Family
- Trochilidae
- Genus
- Riccordia
Range and habitat
The Hispaniolan emerald is found in both countries of its namesake island, the Dominican Republic and Haiti. It inhabits the interior and edges of dense montane rainforest, scrublands, and coffee plantations. In elevation it mostly ranges between 300 and 2,500 m (980 and 8,200 ft) but is found as low as sea level and occasionally higher than 3,000 m (9,800 ft).
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The Hispaniolan emerald is generally sedentary. However, it occasionally wanders to high elevations and perhaps regularly moves to lower ones after the breeding season.<p>The Hispaniolan emerald forages for nectar by trap-lining, visiting a circuit of flowering plants. It feeds anywhere from 3 to 18 m (10 to 60 ft) above the ground. In addition to nectar, it feeds on insects captured by hawking from a perch.<p>The Hispaniolan emerald's breeding season extends from January to June and occasionally as late as August. It makes a cup nest of moss and plant fibers bound with spiderweb and covered with lichen. It often places it in shrubs within 2 m (7 ft) of the ground but sometimes as high as 10 m (30 ft). The female incubates the clutch of two eggs for 15 to 16 days and fledging occurs 20 to 22 days after hatch.<p>The Hispaniolan emerald makes "[s]harp metallic chipping notes", sometimes in a long series.
Conservation
- Population trend
- unknown
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
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Drab small bird with brownish-gray upperparts and white underparts. Resides primarily in mangrove forest, but can also be found in other well-vegetated adjacent habitat types. Overall lack of prominent markings distinguishes it from other mangrove species within its range. Song varies; Indian birds give songs containing long ringing whistles, while Southeast Asian birds give somewhat more complex whistled phrases.
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Sylvietta whytii
Small and virtually tailless warbler with a gray back and rufous underparts. The face is completely rufous, giving it an “open” impression. Found in a variety of savanna and woodland habitat, though mostly in Miombo in the southern part of its range. The song varies geographically: can be a soft warble or a trill. The call is a short, fast, wooden rattle. Northern and Long-billed Crombecs can look similar, but Red-faced is separated by its lack of an eye stripe.
Puerto Rican Flycatcher
Myiarchus antillarum
An inconspicuous woodland species often first detected by voice. It has a slender build and is colored dull brown above and mostly grayish white below. The Caribbean Elaenia is vaguely similar but is smaller and has a distinct yellow wash below unlike the Puerto Rican Flycatcher. Vocalizations include a quick “tsee-ick” and a drawn out, plaintive “pheeeee.”
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