Spot-breasted Lapwing

Large, short-billed hummingbird found only at extremely high elevations in Colombia’s central Andes. Adult male’s green and blue beard, black and buff head pattern, and shaggy crest make him easily recognizable within his tiny world range. Female and younger males lack the crest and beard and have more subdued coloration, but they are still recognizable from their large size and relatively tiny bill. Often seen feeding from or perching on Espeletia plants. Espeletia, also known as Frailejón, is native to high Andean grasslands; it is characterized by its short, trunk-like stem, large, elongated leaves, and small, yellow flowers.

Thrush-sized bird; pale gray overall with black mask. In flight, watch for white patches in the wings. In areas of overlap, compare with other gray shrikes. Inhabits open habitats with scattered vegetation, from open forests to bogs and brushy meadows. Often seen on prominent perches, including power lines and short treetops, that offer perfect vantages for from which to spot prey. Carnivorous habits make shrikes unique among passerines, feeding on rodents and small birds. Vocalizations include bright short liquid trills and “gargling” phrases, often strung together into a repetitive song.

Small, warbler-like flycatcher found in the Andes and coastal hills. Mostly gray and white with whitish wingbars, white eyebrow, and rufous wing patches. Similar to Rufous-winged Antwren but lacks yellow on belly and has a gray crown. Actively forages at middle to upper levels of forest, and may join mixed-species flocks. Gives quiet but sharp notes, either alone or in a short series. Erratic in its occurrence and may seemingly be absent from some sites for months at a time; its movements have not been studied extensively.