Buffy Helmetcrest
Oxypogon stuebelii
Large, short-billed hummingbird found only at extremely high elevations in Colombia’s central Andes. Adult male’s green and blue beard, black and buff head pattern, and shaggy crest make him easily recognizable within his tiny world range. Female and younger males lack the crest and beard and have more subdued coloration, but they are still recognizable from their large size and relatively tiny bill. Often seen feeding from or perching on Espeletia plants. Espeletia, also known as Frailejón, is native to high Andean grasslands; it is characterized by its short, trunk-like stem, large, elongated leaves, and small, yellow flowers.
Identification
The buffy helmetcrest is 11.2 to 12.7 cm (4.4 to 5.0 in) long. It has a short straight black bill. The male has a long buffy and black crest and a mostly black face with a buffy-white "collar". Its upperparts are bronzy green. It has a thin glittering green and blue gorget that forms a "beard". The rest of the underparts are grayish bronzy that blends to cinnamon-buff on the undertail coverts. The tail is moderately long and forked. Its upper side is coppery to bronzy green with the outer feathers showing a wide white stripe; the underside is rufous with some pale cinnamon. The adult female is similar to the male but lacks the crest and beard, and its underparts are rufous buff to brownish with greenish flecks. Juveniles resemble the adult female; the male has a partial crest and beard.
Taxonomy
The buffy helmetcrest was formerly considered to be a subspecies of what was known as the bearded helmetcrest (Oxypogon guerinii). The buffy helmetcrest was promoted to species status when the bearded helmetcrest was split into four species based on a study of biometric and plumage data published in 2013. The nominate subspecies was renamed the Green-bearded helmetcrest. The buffy helmetcrest is monotypic.
- Scientific name
- Oxypogon stuebelii
- Authority
- Meyer, AB, 1884
- Order
- Caprimulgiformes
- Family
- Trochilidae
- Genus
- Oxypogon
Range and habitat
The buffy helmetcrest is found only on Nevado del Ruiz, an active volcano in the Colombian Central Andes on the border of Tolima and Caldas departments and the surrounding area. It inhabits humid open páramo where it favors Espeletia plants.
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The buffy helmetcrest is thought to be sedentary, but might move to lower elevations in the dry season like its congener the white-bearded helmetcrest (O. lindenii).<p>The buffy helmetcrest feeds on nectar; it especially favors Espeletia schultzii. It drinks nectar by clinging to flowers rather than hovering. It also feeds on insects and their larvae. It catches insects on the ground or by jumping or hawking from the ground or a perch. It also picks larvae from vegetation.<p>Nothing has been documented of the buffy helmetcrest's breeding phenology.<p>The buffy helmetcrest's song is "a repeated, high-pitched, single note 'tsee'...[repeated] every 3–5 seconds)." During the wet season, males sing for minutes on end from a perch.
Conservation
- Population trend
- declining
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Blanford's Snowfinch
Pyrgilauda blanfordi
Like many other snowfinches, the Blanford’s is found in open areas on high-altitude steppes and hills, but generally prefers drier areas than other species. Predominantly white and brown with a black crescent curving around the front of the face and a pale orange one curving around the back, giving the bird a somewhat round-cheeked appearance. Often quite tame, taking scraps from hikers, monks, and shepherds.
Black-nest Swiftlet
Aerodramus maximus
A small dark Aerodramus swiftlet that is nearly impossible to distinguish from closely-related species such as Mossy-nest and White-nest Swiftlets. Dark above and paler gray below; rump varies from dirty white to dark depending on subspecies. Tail averages more squared-off and less prominently forked than White-nest and Germain’s swiftlets, but best identified when on feather-and-saliva nests, which are dark, as the name suggests. Nests in large colonies in caves, often with other species of swiftlet. Chitters at nest, but usually fairly quiet.
Piping Woodcreeper
Deconychura typica
Fairly small, warm brown woodcreeper with buffy spots on breast and vague buffy eyebrow. Note relatively short, straight bill. Very similar to many other species of woodcreepers but smaller than most others in range; tail relatively longer than most other woodcreepers but this is of limited use in field identification. Focus on overall shape, especially the vaguely “pin-headed” look and scruffy feathers on the nape. Generally found in primary forest, usually following a mixed-species flock. Best identified by voice, though not a particularly vocal species. Song is a long, fast series of medium-pitched piping notes that at first speed up and then slow down at the end of the phrase.
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