White-throated Woodcreeper

Identificazione

The white-throated woodcreeper is one of the largest members of its subfamily. It is heavy-bodied, with a shortish tail and a long decurved bill. It is 27.5 to 33 cm (11 to 13 in) long and weighs 110 to 130 g (3.9 to 4.6 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a dark face with a whitish to pale buff supercilium and moustachial stripe. They have a dark stripe behind the eye and a blackish one on the cheek. Their forehead, crown, and nape are black with strong cream to buff streaks on the crown. Their back and wing coverts are brownish olive and their rump rusty chestnut; the upper back has faint light streaks. Their flight feathers have light chestnut inner webs, dark brown outer webs, and dusky tips. Their tail is dark chestnut with darker shafts on the feathers. Their throat is white to buffy white and their underparts olive-brown to tawny. Their breast and sides have bold pale buff to whitish streaks with dark edges, and their belly, thighs, and undertail coverts have distinct darker bars. Their iris is red to brown, their bill black (sometimes with a horn-colored mandible), and their legs and feet highly variable in color but generally dark. Juveniles are similar to adults with a shorter bill and rusty-yellow spots on the crown.<p>Subspecies X. a. villanovae is overall paler than the nominate, with a dark brown crown, a more obvious supercilium, weaker barring on the belly, and a shorter bill. X. a. bahiae is also paler than the nominate, but browner. Its crown is dark brown with tawny-rufous streaks, its breast streaks are without dark edges, and it has a few dusky spots instead of barring on the belly.

Tassonomia

The white-throated woodcreeper has three subspecies, the nominate X. a. albicollis (Vieillot, 1818), X. a. bahiae (Cory, 1919), and X. a. villanovae (Lima, 1920). X. a. villanovae has previously been treated as a separate species and also as a subspecies of the moustached woodcreeper (X. falcirostris). Subspecies franciscanus of the moustached woodcreeper has sometimes been treated as a subspecies of the white-throated.

Nome scientifico

Xiphocolaptes albicollis

Autorità

(Vieillot, 1818)

Ordine

Passeriformi

Famiglia

Dendrocolaptidae

Genere

Xiphocolaptes

Areale e habitat

The nominate subspecies of the white-throated woodcreeper is found in southeastern and southern Brazil from southern Bahia south into Rio Grande do Sul, through eastern Paraguay, and into Argentina as far as northeastern Corrientes Province. Subspecies X. a. villanovae is found only in a small area around Senhor do Bonfim in the northeast of Brazil's Bahia state. X. a. bahiae is found slightly more extensively in the Chapada Diamantina of eastern and central Bahia. The species is primarily a bird of the humid Atlantic Forest and also occurs in semi-deciduous forest and in gallery forest in cerrado. It favors the interior of primary forest but regularly occurs at its edges and in mature secondary forest. In elevation it is mostly found below 1,500 m (4,900 ft) but occurs as high as 2,000 m (6,600 ft).

Migrazione

Specie stanziale

Comportamento

Comportamento migratorio: Specie stanziale.

Conservazione

Tendenza della popolazione: stabile.

Tendenza della popolazione

stabile