Gray-bellied Hawk

Identificazione

This medium-sized hawk measures 38–51 cm in body length, with females being considerably larger (by about 40%) than males. Other body measurements in the male have been recorded as 232–270mm flat wing length, 165–187mm tail length, 18–21mm bill length from culmen to cere and tarsus length of 50–55mm;. Corresponding measurements in the female are 263–283mm flat wing length, 181–207mm tail length, 20–22mm bill length from culmen to cere and 53–60mm tarsus length.<p>The hawk's basic plumage is coloured black or dark grey above and contrasting white or grey on the throat and body underside below. As the common name suggests, the belly is pale grey. The head is black or very dark grey overall and extends halfway down the throat before suddenly becoming white, so as to give a “hooded” or “capped” appearance. In males, the crown is darker than the rest of the head, whereas the plumage on the back and head of the female is uniformly dark. White feathers on the nape are exposed and appear as white spots across the hindneck. The tail is black or grey with three wide light grey horizontal bands on top and a narrow white tip. The wings, legs and tail have been described as being relatively short for the body size, with a heavy bill and head.<p>The feet, legs, cere and orbital skin are yellow and the bill is black with a bluish grey base. The iris has been reported as yellow or red. Females are reported to have darker grey and the males light grey cheeks.<p>The plumage of juveniles has been said to resemble that of the ornate hawk eagle and have even previously considered a separate species (A. pectoralis).<p>In the field, the grey-bellied hawk is similar in size and shape to the collared forest falcon and slaty-backed forest falcon and is therefore often confused with these two other species, both of which however differ markedly from the grey-bellied hawk in colouration. This hawk is most often seen soaring over forests and utters a cackling kek-kek-kek-kek-kek-kek that trails off the end. Average lifespan is estimated at 7.2 years.

Tassonomia

Dutch naturalist Coenraad Jacob Temminck described the grey-bellied hawk in 1824.

Nome scientifico

Accipiter poliogaster

Autorità

(Temminck, 1824)

Ordine

Accipitriformi

Famiglia

Accipitridae

Genere

Accipiter

Areale e habitat

This hawk has a wide but patchy distribution in tropical lowland evergreen forests of South America at elevations of 250-500m a.s.l. It occurs in northern and eastern Colombia, southern Venezuela, the two Guyanas, Suriname, eastern Ecuador, central and eastern Peru, Amazonian Brazil, northern Bolivia, eastern Paraguay and northeast Argentina. In Ecuador, its occurrence is patchy and has been observed only in pristine forest habitats. In French Guiana, it has been observed in the lower canopy of both primary and recently logged forests. The hawk is also said to occur accidentally in Costa Rica, with the first adult being observed here in 2014 after reports of only juveniles. It may be expanding its range into Costa Rica with the increase in human-disturbed land, which this hawk appears to tolerate as a nesting habitat. In Costa Rica has been reported a few times and the most recent was July 3, 2023 at Boca Tapada. Alongside rainforest, this hawk is also found in patches of riparian forest, other dense woodland and sometimes in secondary forest. The total area of its occurrence is estimated at 7,490,000 square kilometres (2,890,000 sq mi). Despite its large range, it appears to occur only locally and is generally rare.<p>Although it is generally considered to be resident throughout its range, partial or full migration has been reported, with austral migration from the south toward the equator in winter reportedly occurring March–June. In Ecuador, it has been sighted year-round and is therefore considered a permanent resident here (Global Raptor Information Network, 2012); and was once observed over 500m a.s.l at San Isidro.

Migrazione

Specie stanziale

Comportamento

Comportamento migratorio: Specie stanziale.

Conservazione

Tendenza della popolazione: in diminuzione.

Tendenza della popolazione

in diminuzione