Ani beccoliscio

Crotophaga ani

Gli ani sono bizzarri cuculi neri come il carbone con lunghe code flosce e becchi unici, curiosamente alti e appiattiti. L'Ani beccoliscio si trova in una varietà di habitat aperti e semi-aperti nelle pianure e nelle colline tropicali, tipicamente rimanendo basso tra arbusti ed erbe. Gregario e non particolarmente aggraziato; di solito visto muoversi goffamente in piccoli gruppi. Vola con battiti d'ala irregolari e lunghe planate. Diffuso e comune in gran parte del Sud America e dei Caraibi, estendendosi a ovest fino al versante pacifico del Costa Rica e a nord fino alla Florida. Confrontare con l'Ani beccosolcato, molto simile, che si sovrappone in alcune aree dell'America Centrale e del Sud America. Si noti in particolare la forma del becco: l'Ani beccoliscio ha spesso (ma non sempre) una cresta più alta sulla parte superiore del becco e un angolo più acuto sul bordo inferiore del becco. I lati sono tipicamente lisci, raramente con deboli solchi. Anche la voce è importante: ascoltare un fischio ascendente, simile a quello di un falco, con un'inflessione alla fine. Occhio scuro, dimensioni e habitat aiutano a distinguerlo dall'Ani maggiore in Sud America e Panama.

Identificazione

The smooth-billed ani is a mid-sized species, larger on average than the groove-billed ani but smaller than the greater ani. It measures approximately 35 cm (14 in) in overall length. Males weigh around 115 g (4.1 oz) while females are lighter and with a weight of around 95 g (3.4 oz). The adult is mainly glossy black, with a long tail, deep ridged black bill and a brown iris. The flight is weak and wobbly, but the bird runs well and usually feeds on the ground. This species is called "el pijul" in Venezuelan folklore.[citation needed] The calls include a whining ooo-leeek.

Tassonomia

The smooth-billed ani was described and illustrated in 1648 by the German naturalist Georg Marcgrave in his Historia Naturalis Brasiliae. He used the name "Ani" but did not explain the origin of the word. It probably comes from the word Anim in the Tupi language which means "social bird". In 1756 the Irish physician Patrick Browne used the name Crotophaga for the species in his The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica. Browne's name combines the Ancient Greek krotōn meaning "tick" with -phagos meaning "-eating". Browne wrote that the smooth-billed anis "live chiefly upon ticks and other small vermin; and may be frequently seen jumping about all cows and oxen in the fields". When the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the tenth edition in 1758 he included the smooth-billed ani. He placed it in its own genus Crotophaga and coined the binomial name Crotophaga ani. The type locality is Jamaica. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

Nome scientifico
Crotophaga ani
Autorità
Linnaeus, 1758
Ordine
Cuculiformi
Famiglia
Cuculidae
Genere
Crotophaga

Areale e habitat

This ani is found in open and semi-open country and areas under cultivation. This common and conspicuous species has greatly benefited from deforestation.

Migrazione
Resident species

Comportamento

This is a very gregarious species, always found in noisy groups. <p>The nest, built communally by several pairs, is a deep cup lined with leaves and placed usually 2–6 m (6.6–19.7 ft) high in a tree. A number of females lay their chalky blue eggs in the nest and then share incubation and feeding. Each female is capable of laying up to seven eggs, and nests have been found containing up to 29 eggs, but it is rare for more than ten to hatch. Incubation is 13–15 days, with another 10 days to fledging. Up to three broods may be raised in a season, with the young of earlier broods helping to feed more recent chicks.<p>The smooth-billed ani feeds on termites, large insects, other invertebrates and even lizards, frogs, eggs and hatchlings of other birds, and fruit. They will occasionally remove ticks and other parasites from grazing animals.

Conservazione

The smooth-billed ani is considered Least Concern according to the IUCN Red List. Declines in the South Florida population were recorded as the state delayed its protection decision for the species.

Tendenza della popolazione
stable

Foto

Distribuzione

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