Prion à bec grêle

Identification

Like all prions, they are blue-grey above and white below with a dark "M" on their back to their wingtips. They have a white eyebrow and a dark line extending from below the eye almost to the neck. Their tail is wedge-shaped and grey with a black tip, their bill is blue-grey, and their feet are pale blue.

Taxonomie

The slender-billed prion was formally described in 1912 by the Australian born ornithologist Gregory Mathews under the binomial name Heteroprion belcheri. The prion is now placed with the other prions in the genus Pachyptila that was introduced in 1811 by the German zoologist Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek pakhus meaning "dense" or "thick" with ptilon meaning "feather" or "plumage". The specific epithet belcheri was chosen in recognition of the Australian judge and amateur ornithologist Charles Belcher who had found the first specimens dead on a beach near the town of Geelong in the Australian state of Victoria. The species is considered to be monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.<p>The name prion comes from the Greek word priōn, meaning "saw", a reference of the serrated edges of the birds' saw-like bill.<p>The slender-billed prion is a member of the Pachyptila genus, which, in combination with the genus Halobaena (whose single species is the blue petrel) makes up the polyphyletic traditional tribe of prions (or whalebirds). Prions are small petrels in the order Procellariiformes which share certain identifying features. First, they have nasal passages that attach to the upper bill called naricorns, although their nostrils are on top of the upper bill. Procellariiformes' bills are also unique in that they are split into between 7 and 9 horny plates; hence see below, under Etymology that the name prion within this order connotes a saw-like serrated edge to the bill. Prions produce a stomach oil made up of wax esters and triglycerides that is stored in the proventriculus, which they use against predators as well as an energy rich food source for chicks and for the adults during their long flights. Finally, they also have a salt gland, situated above the nasal passage, which helps desalinate their bodies by excreting a high saline solution from their nose, relieving excessive salt for their metabolism as they imbibe a high volume of salty ocean water.

Nom scientifique

Pachyptila belcheri

Autorité

(Mathews, 1912)

Ordre

Procellariiformes

Famille

Procellariidés

Genre

Pachyptila

Répartition et habitat

The slender-billed prion spends all their non-breeding time over ocean water in the southern oceans. When breeding, they will do so on the Crozet Islands, the Kerguelen Islands, the Falkland Islands and Noir Island off the coast of southern Chile.

Aire de reproduction

SO : Isla Noir (off s Chile), Falkland Is., Crozet Is. (s of Madagascar, sw South Indian Ocean) and Kerguelen (se Indian Ocean)

Aire hors reproduction

widespread in southern oceans to Humboldt Current of w South America, off coast to s Brazil, and s Australasia

Migration

Complete migrants

Comportement

Like all prions, the slender-billed eat zooplankton, by filtering it through their bill.<p>They are annual breeders and will lay one egg. Both parents will then incubate the egg and care for the young until they fledge.

Conservation

This species has a very large range and their estimated population is 7,000,000, allowing the IUCN to classify them as Least Concern.

Tendance de la population

stable