Junco de Baird

Identification

Baird's junco is approximately average-sized for a New World sparrow, with males being (on average) larger than females and most individuals being approximately 15 centimetres (5.9 in) in length with a mass of approximately 18 grams (0.63 oz). Baird's junco have the shortest wings (69 millimetres (2.7 in)) and the shortest tails (62 millimetres (2.4 in)) of any member of the genus Junco, something that is likely correlated to their sedentary, non-migratory nature.<p>Baird's juncos are sexually monomorphic, and adult Baird's juncos have gray heads with black lores, buffy brown backs, wings, and flanks, and paler gray or white throats blending into a pale whitish chest, belly, and vent. Some individuals are browner below, with color from the flanks covering more of the undersides. Like other members of the genus junco, the outermost tail feathers are white, giving a distinct white flash when birds fly. Baird's juncos have bright yellow eyes, and dull pinkish to pinkish-horn or yellow-orange bills with a maxilla usually darker than the mandible, giving a bicolored appearance to the bill.<p>The vocalizations of Baird's junco are quite distinct, and are and are significantly different from other populations of "yellow-eyed" juncos in North America. Baird's junco songs are fairly complex, especially for the genus junco, and consist of longer songs with multiple unique phrases and few repeats of phrases within each song.

Taxonomie

While originally described as a distinct species, it was once considered a subspecies of the yellow-eyed junco (Junco phaeonotus) before being recognized as a distinct species again after further research. Within the genus junco, Baird's junco is the outgroup to all other juncos with the exception of the volcano junco, having diverged from other members of the genus more than 350,000 years ago despite retaining a phenotype similar to other North American juncos.<p>The type specimens of Baird's junco were collected on February 2, 1883 by Lyman Belding at "Laguna, Lower California" [=Baja California], and it was named for Spencer Fullerton Baird, an American ornithologist and naturalist, by Robert Ridgway, the curator of birds at the United States National Museum at that time.

Nom scientifique

Junco bairdi

Autorité

Ridgway, 1883

Ordre

Passériformes

Famille

Passerellidae

Genre

Junco

Répartition et habitat

Baird's junco is restricted to the higher elevations of the Sierra de la Laguna, Baja California Sur, Mexico, where it nests in pine-oak forests. This species is largely restricted to the higher elevations above 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) where appropriate habitat occurs, but non-breeding individuals do wander lower down, with previous sources considering the bird common above 3,000 feet (910 m) in elevation and more contemporary sources noting records as low as 700 metres (2,300 ft) in elevation. These low elevational records have been attributed to non-breeding individuals, and no significant pattern of elevational migration has been noted.

Migration

Espèce sédentaire

Comportement

Mode de migration: Espèce sédentaire.

Conservation

Tendance de la population

unknown