Tawny-capped Euphonia

Distinctive rounded-tailed rufous-brown bird of riverine habitats. Narrow buffy eyebrow and buffy streaks on cheeks and breast. Upperparts rufous-brown and underparts olive-brown; rich chestnut in chin, wings, rump, and tail. Rare, usually in pairs, found from understory to mid-level in riverine forest in very restricted range. Voice consists of repeated “CHEUP” notes, mostly in duet. Similar to Delta Amacuro Softtail (no range overlap), which is more streaked (including the head) and lacks buff eyebrow; Speckled Spinetail has a buffy (not orange) chin, paler head and breast with dark speckling, and a rufoud cap. Endemic to the Orinoco River and nearby tributaries in southwestern Venezuela and eastern Colombia.

A small, brightly-colored bird of foothill and lower montane forest canopy. Bright yellow underparts, face and forehead. Gray back and crown, bordered with black which widens at the back of the neck to form a half-collar. Obvious white spots on some wing feather tips, meeting in 2 lines down the back. Unmistakable appearance. Explosive whistlerlike “whip!” notes or repeated “chikki-chewitt!”.

Very small owl endemic to thorn forest and tropical dry forest of west Mexico. Active during the day. Favors forest canopy where it is rarely seen, but sometimes hunts low at forest edges. Most often detected by its tooting call, given at any time of day but mainly early and late. Like other pygmy-owls, presence often revealed by mobbing bands of small songbirds. Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl favors more open habitats, is seen much more frequently, and has pale streaks (not spots) on the crown and a slightly different tooting song.