Thick-billed Saltator

Saltator maxillosus

A grosbeaklike bird found in the canopy of montane forests; often accompanies mixed-species flocks. Note the broad white eyebrow and black mustache, which in males contrasts with a dark gray head and back and a buff throat and belly. Females have an olive-green back, a gray face, and a buff throat and belly. Females resemble Green-winged Saltator, but with a buff (not white) throat and a heavier bill.

Identification

Measures about 19 centimeters. It draws attention by the very thick, tall and yellow beak at the base. Upper parts dark gray. Almost without green, white eyebrow starting at the base of the beak, lower parts rusty; female with green back; the immature with green upper parts and the black beak.<p>Its vocalization is by stanza of four strong calls, the third loudest, sings from August onwards.

Taxonomy

Monotypic species ( subspecies are not recognized ).<p>(Clements checklist, 2014).

Scientific name
Saltator maxillosus
Authority
Cabanis, 1851
Order
Passeriformes
Family
Thraupidae
Genus
Saltator

Range and habitat

They live on the edge of the forest, gardens, locally in the high mountains of Southeast Brazil. The species range is from Espírito Santo to Rio de Janeiro, and from there to the northeast of Rio Grande do Sul and east of Argentina.

Migration
Vertical migration

Behavior

Just like its counterpart, the real iron crack (Saltator similis), this species feeds on seeds, leaves, insects and fruits (omnivorous).<p>During reproduction they live strictly in couples, extremely loyal to a territory . They build cup-shaped nests at little height, the incubation lasts around 14 days. It has an average of 2 litters per season with 3 eggs each.

Conservation

Population trend
unknown

Photos

Distribution

Bird Calls

Other Birds

Santarem Parakeet

Santarem Parakeet

Pyrrhura amazonum

Long-tailed parakeet, mostly green with a scaled breast; has a narrow blue forehead and lacks a red patch on edge of shoulders. Feeds in small groups in the canopy of both humid non-flooded and seasonally flooded forests, as well as forest edges. Most often seen fleetingly, flying in noisy flocks through the sub-canopy. The similar Painted Parakeet has a larger blue patch on the forehead and red shoulder patch. The calls of Painted and Santarem parakeets are apparently indistinguishable.

Rufous-capped Warbler

Rufous-capped Warbler

Basileuterus rufifrons

Attractive, perky, long-tailed warbler widespread in foothills and highlands, locally in lowlands. Favors brushy and weedy areas adjacent to woodland and scrub. Usually in pairs or small groups which hop around low in brush with tails cocked. Note white eyebrow, rusty cap, and yellow bib. Birds in southeast Mexico and Belize are extensively yellow below. Listen for its buzzy trills and chips, usually given in a multi-parted series. Once considered conspecific with Chestnut-capped Warbler.

Yellow-casqued Hornbill

Yellow-casqued Hornbill

Ceratogymna elata

Huge, spectacular, mostly black hornbill. Males have a large cream-and-white bill, and females a much smaller horn-colored one. In flight, shows a mostly white tail with a black center. Found in lowland rainforest, forest edge, and gallery forest. Usually in pairs or small groups of up to a dozen. The loud calls are surprisingly high-pitched yelps and honks that are often given in a quick series, higher and less rasping than similar calls of Black-casqued Hornbill. Similar to Black-casqued Hornbill in appearance, but male separated by the yellow casque, female by the paler bill and neck, and both sexes by the completely white outer tail feathers. 

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