Green-and-white Hummingbird
Elliotomyia viridicauda
Medium-sized hummingbird of middle elevations. Green above, white below, with a variably pinkish lower mandible. Found in humid forest and around forest edges. Distinguished with care from the very similar White-bellied Hummingbird by its completely dark underside of the tail (where there is some white in White-bellied), and by its sometimes darker lower mandible. Green-and-white Hummingbird is also typically more closely associated with forested habitats than White-bellied.
Identification
The green-and-white hummingbird is 10 to 11 cm (3.9 to 4.3 in) long. Males weigh about 6.0 g (0.21 oz) and females about 5.5 g (0.19 oz). Both sexes have a medium length straight bill with a blackish maxilla and a reddish mandible with a dark tip. Adult males have brilliant green to bronze-green upperparts and flanks. Their undersides are whitish from the chin to the undertail coverts with greenish spots on the sides of the chin and throat and sometimes some golden-green on the coverts. Their tail is grayish green to golden green. Adult females are very similar to males, but with a light cream chin and throat that are more heavily spotted. Juveniles are similar to adult females with the cream of the throat extending to the belly.
Taxonomy
The green-and-white hummingbird has at various times been placed in genera Leucippus and Elliotia, and until 2014 in Amazilia. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that Amazilia was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the green-and-white hummingbird was placed by most taxonomic systems in a new genus Elliotomyia. However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) retains it in Amazilia. <p>The green-and-white hummingbird shares genus Elliotomyia with the white-bellied hummingbird (E. chionogaster). It is monotypic.
- Scientific name
- Elliotomyia viridicauda
- Authority
- (Berlepsch, 1883)
- Order
- Passeriformes
- Family
- Trochilidae
- Genus
- Elliotomyia
Range and habitat
The green-and-white hummingbird is found on the east slope of the Peruvian Andes discontinuously from Huánuco Department south to Cuzco, including at Machu Picchu. It inhabits the edges and clearings of mature subtropical forest and also secondary forest between the elevations of 1,000 and 2,500 m (3,300 and 8,200 ft).
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The green-and-white hummingbird is generally sedentary though some local dispersal is probable.<p>The white-bellied hummingbird forages for nectar at a variety of flowering plants, shrubs, and trees, though its diet is not known in detail. In addition to nectar it feeds on small arthropods.<p>The white-bellied hummingbird's full breeding season has not been determined, but it is known to include January. It makes a cup nest of plant wool bound by spiderweb with lichen on the outside, and often places it on a horizontal branch of a small tree. The incubation period and time to fledging are not known.<p>The green-and-white hummingbird's song is "a repeated short phrase of typically three squeaky notes, 'tseet-chew-chip … tseet-chew-chip ...'." Its call is "two rising high-pitched notes followed by a descending stuttering series, 'tsee-tseeet-tsi-tsi-tsi-tsi'." Both are very similar to those of its close relative the white-bellied hummingbird.
Conservation
- Population trend
- unknown
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
White-collared Starling
Grafisia torquata
The male is an unusual and beautiful starling that is glossy blue-black with a broad white collar. Females are duller, gray with paler mottling on the underparts. Both sexes have a yellow-orange eye. Found locally in savanna, montane grassland, and areas with a mix of savanna and forest. Often in small flocks, sometimes mixed with other starling species. The male is unmistakable; the female might be confused with other starlings, but is identified by the gray plumage without gloss, the short tail, and the yellow-orange eye. The calls include chirps and short whistles.
Ashy-bellied White-eye
Zosterops citrinella
Small songbird with bright yellowish upperparts and white “goggles.” Most subspecies have gray underparts; subspecies “unicus” of Sumbawa and Flores has a yellow belly. Compare with other white-eyes in various parts of their range; note present species combination of dark iris and yellow back. Inhabits a wide range of different wooded habitats across its range, including coastal scrub, mangroves, inland forests, and forest edge. Forages actively in small to medium-sized flocks, sometimes mixing with other species. Can be quite common on small islands. Twittering song is bright but unremarkable. Most frequently given call is a somewhat variable high-pitched, descending “djee.”
Yellow-breasted Bowerbird
Chlamydera lauterbachi
A rather drab bowerbird of forest edge and cultivation from the lowlands to the mid-mountains. Olive-brown back and wings with pale-edged feathers giving a scaled effect. Yellow belly, streaky throat and face. Makes a unique 4-walled bower. Similar to Fawn-breasted Bowbird, but Yellow-breasted Bowerbird has a yellow rather than buffy belly and an unstreaked crown. Call, a loud, downward “kyew!”.
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