Strong-billed Honeyeater
Melithreptus validirostris
Medium-sized honeyeater with short, thick bill. Has a black cap with a white band extending behind the eye. Also has a white band extending from base of bill to back of the neck. Back is olive green and underparts gray. Legs bright yellow. Bill is black in adults, whereas juveniles have a bright yellow bill. Typically habits mature, wet forests; may move to drier habitats when temperatures are low. Endemic to Tasmania and surrounding islands.
Identification
A mid-sized honeyeater at 16.5–17.5 cm (6.5–7 in) in length, it is olive-brown above and pale grey-brown below, with a black head, nape and throat, a pale blue to off-white patch over the eye, and a white crescent on the nape. Juveniles have brownish crowns, lemon-tinged nape, and an orange base of bill. Its call is a loud cheep cheep, or a churring.
Taxonomy
The strong-billed honeyeater was first described by ornithologist John Gould in 1837. Its specific name is derived from the Latin words validus 'strong', and rostrum 'bill'. It is a member of the genus Melithreptus, with several species of similar size and (apart from the brown-headed honeyeater) black-headed appearance, in the honeyeater family, Meliphagidae. Molecular markers show that the strong-billed honeyeater separated from the common ancestor of the brown-headed and black-chinned honeyeaters between 6.7 and 3.4 million years ago.<p>The next closest relative outside the genus is the much larger, but similarly marked, blue-faced honeyeater. More recently, DNA analysis has shown honeyeaters to be related to the Pardalotidae (pardalotes), Acanthizidae (Australian warblers, scrubwrens, thornbills, etc.), and the Maluridae (Australian fairy-wrens) in the large superfamily Meliphagoidea.
- Scientific name
- Melithreptus validirostris
- Authority
- (Gould, 1837)
- Order
- Passeriformes
- Family
- Meliphagidae
- Genus
- Melithreptus
Range and habitat
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The strong-billed honeyeater is found in mature forest with large trees, such as Eucalyptus regnans and E. delegatensis. Its diet is principally insects and various other invertebrates, which it hunts on tree trunks, supplemented by nectar and fallen fruit. Although both species are widespread in Tasmania, the Strong-billed rarely overlaps in site and foraging with the black-headed honeyeater.<p>Strong-billed honeyeaters may nest from September to January, breeding once or twice during this time. The nest is a thick-walled bowl of grasses and bits of bark in the fork of a tall tree, usually a eucalypt. Two or three eggs are laid, 22 x 17 mm in size, and shiny, buff-pink, sparsely spotted with red-brown.
Conservation
- Population trend
- declining
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Mute Swan
Cygnus olor
Huge white bird with long neck, reddish-orange bill, and black face. Adults have a black knob on top of the bill. Immatures are dusky brown with a gray bill. Native to northern Europe and Asia, but introduced in many regions, where it is now common on ponds, lakes, and calm coastal waters. Very aggressive toward native waterfowl. Often seen in pairs or small family groups.
Pale-headed Jacamar
Brachygalba goeringi
Small jacamar with a pale brown head and bluish-black wings and tail. Smaller than other jacamars in range, with a shorter tail. Note the brown breast and chestnut band on the upper belly that contrast with the white throat, belly, and undertail. Sexes similar. No overlap with the superficially similar Brown Jacamar. Locally common, found in pairs or groups in the top of trees or exposed branches in dry forest and edges, gallery forest, and savanna woodlands. Song is a series of high pitched notes that accelerate to end in shorter trills “weet, weeet, weeet, t’weet-t’ t’weet’ t’weet’ weet’ ti’ti’ti’t’t’t.”
Yellow-green Vireo
Vireo flavoviridis
Fairly large vireo with a big bill and a pale eyebrow. Essentially the southern counterpart of Red-eyed Vireo. Breeds in tropical woodland and forest of Mexico and Central America, migrating south in September to South America (especially the western Amazon basin) and returning north again in March. Told from Red-eyed Vireo by its less contrasting head pattern, yellow sides and flanks, and brighter greenish upperparts. Monotonous song sounds like a House Sparrow that’s taken singing lessons.
Start Your Bird Watching Journey
Identify a bird outdoors and keep the field guide close for your next observation.