Great Cuckoo-Dove

Identification

The great cuckoo-dove is a large and long-tailed pigeon, with a length of 47.5–52.5 cm (18.7–20.7 in) and a weight of 208–305 g (7.3–10.8 oz). A slight crest on the back of the head gives it a "big-headed" appearance. Birds of the nominate subspecies have the head, neck, and breast blue-grey or cream-white with a pale bluish-grey tinge, turning purplish grey on the back of the neck and upper back. The throat and belly are white, with the latter frequently having a pinkish tinge. The mantle, back, rump, and uppertail-coverts are chestnut-brown. The wings are darker chestnut-maroon, becoming blackish further from the body, and are black below. The underparts are pale bluish-grey.<p>The outermost rectrices (tail feathers) are greyish-white with black bases and black stripes near the end, while the second-outermost are coloured similarly with black-and-chestnut stripes. The amount of chestnut increases moving inwards, with the central rectrices being almost entirely chestnut with only a small amount of black and grey near the base. Individuals of the nominate subspecies vary clinally (in a gradient across their geographic distribution) in appearance, being darkest in the north and palest in the southwest of their range. In males, the iris is yellowish-white with a red outer ring and the orbital skin is reddish. Females have a more yellowish iris and duller orbital skin. In both sexes, the cere and base of the bill are red to purplish-pink and the rest of the bill is yellowish-brown, sometimes with a white tip. The feet are pink to purplish-red.<p>Newly hatched nestlings are pinkish-white. Older nestlings have black bills and feet. Juveniles are dull grey-brown, with dirty-white throats and bellies. The wings are darker than the rest of the body and the wing-coverts, rump and uppertail-coverts are reddish-brown with dark edges. The central rectrices are sooty-brown with a rufous tinge.<p>The great cuckoo-dove is easily recognised by its large size and distinctive appearance, with the pale underparts contrasting strongly with the richly-coloured upperparts. However, it may still be confused with the "slender-billed cuckoo dove", a species complex that includes the Amboyna and Sultan's cuckoo-doves. These cuckoo-doves can be distinguished from the great cuckoo-dove by their smaller size and vinous-tinged, more strongly barred underparts, which contrast less with the upper body.<p>The great cuckoo-dove has two distinct calls. The first call is a repeated, upslurred "cookuwook cookuwook cookuwook" resembling the call of the brown cuckoo-dove, but slower and more trisyllabic. The second call is a series of around 12 deep hoo notes, with the notes getting deeper and faster towards the end; this call has been described as resembling "insane laughter".

Taxonomy

The great cuckoo-dove was originally described in 1824 as Columba reinwardtsi by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck on the basis of a specimen from Ambon Island, Indonesia, although Temminck erroneously stated that specimen came from Sulawesi. The spelling reinwardtsi was a misprint for reinwardtii, and Temminck himself used the latter spelling in his table of contents; however, other authors have emended the name to reinwardti, and both of these spellings are currently used.<p>In 1854, the French ornithologist Charles Lucien Bonaparte created the genus Reinwardtoena for the species, referring to it as Reinwardtoena typica. Both the generic and specific names are in honour of the Dutch naturalist Caspar Reinwardt. Great cuckoo-dove is the official common name designated by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOU). Other English common names for the species include long-tailed cuckoo-dove, Reinwardt's cuckoo-dove, giant cuckoo-dove, Reinwardt's long-tailed pigeon, chestnut-and-grey pigeon, and maroon-and-grey pigeon. In the Sansundi language of Biak Island, it is known as Man Wupu.<p>The great cuckoo-dove is one of three species in the genus Reinwardtoena in the pigeon family, Columbidae. It is very similar in appearance to the pied cuckoo-dove (Reinwardtoena browni) and the two are sometimes considered allospecies—species with geographically separated populations that can be considered part of the same species complex. It currently has three subspecies recognised by the IOU; some authors also recognise populations from Buru and Obi as distinct subspecies albida and obiensis, respectively. The subspecies recognised by the IOU are:

Scientific name

Reinwardtoena reinwardti

Authority

(Temminck, 1824)

Order

Columbiformes

Family

Columbidae

Genus

Reinwardtoena

Range and habitat

The great cuckoo-dove is native to Papuasia and Wallacea. In the Maluku Islands of Indonesia, it is found on Buru, Ambon, Seram, Obi, Bacan, Kasiruta, Kayoa, Halmahera, and Morotai. On New Guinea, it occurs across most of the mainland, excluding the Trans-Fly lowlands, as well as the satellite islands of Waigeo, Salawati, Misool, Yapen, Biak, Kumamba, Kairiru, Manam, Karkar, Goodenough, and Fergusson. The species mainly inhabits primary forest and forest edge; on Biak, it is also known from logged forest, secondary growth, and gallery forests. It is found at elevations of up to 3,380 m (11,090 ft) on mainland New Guinea and up to 1,190 m (3,900 ft) on Karkar Island. On the Maluku Islands, it is found from 115–1,400 m (380–4,600 ft), but is most common above 800 m (2,600 ft).

Migration

Resident species

Behavior

Migration pattern: Resident species.

Conservation

Population trend: stable.

Population trend

stable