Semipalmated Plover
Charadrius semipalmatus
Small, orange-legged plover with solid dark breast band. Medium-brown upperparts are the color of wet sand, noticeably darker than Piping or Snowy Plovers. Look for short, blunt bill with orange base (often indistinct on juveniles). Feeds on mudflats and beaches, often mixed with other shorebirds. Even when in a flock, individuals are typically spread out rather than remaining a tight unit. Breeds on the tundra or rocky beaches at northern latitudes; winters to southern South America. Migrants are common and widespread, inland and coastal. Listen for distinctive two parted “chu-weep!” calls, and assorted chortles and chuckles.
Identification
This species weighs 22–63 g (0.78–2.22 oz) and measures 14–20 cm (5.5–7.9 in) in length and 35–56 cm (14–22 in) across the wings. Adults have a grey-brown back and wings, a white belly, and a white breast with one black neckband. They have a brown cap, a white forehead, a black mask around the eyes and a short orange and black bill.
Taxonomy
- Scientific name
- Charadrius semipalmatus
- Authority
- Bonaparte, 1825
- Order
- Charadriiformes
- Family
- Charadriidae
- Genus
- Charadrius
Range and habitat
Their breeding habitat is open ground on beaches or flats across northern Canada and Alaska. They nest on the ground in an open area with little or no plant growth.<p>They are migratory and winter in coastal areas of the southern United States, the Caribbean and much of South America. They are extremely rare vagrants to western Europe, and have been found in Tierra del Fuego and the Isles of Scilly. Their true status may be obscured by the difficulty in identifying them from the very similar ringed plover of Eurasia, of which it was formerly considered a subspecies.
- Breeding range
- NA : inland high Arctic to extreme ne Russia and subarctic Alaska and Canada: e Chukotskiy Pen. (ne Russia), c, e Aleutian Is., all Alaskan mainland and nw British Columbia to Banks and Baffin is., s to w James Bay, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia (nw to ne, se Canada)
- Non-breeding range
- coastal from Oregon and New Jersey (nw, ec USA) s to n Chile and ec Argentina; also Bermuda, throughout West Indies and Galápagos
- Migration
- Complete migrants
Behavior
Semipalmated plovers forage for food on beaches, tidal flats and fields, usually by sight. They eat insects (such as the larvae of long-legged and beach flies, larvae of soldier flies and shore flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers and Ochtebius beetles), spiders, crustaceans (such as isopods, decapods and copepods) and worms (such as polychaetes). They also consume small molluscs including bivalves and gastropods, including snails such as coffee bean snails and Odostomia laevigata. These opportunistic feeders also feed on berries or seeds from grasslands or cultivated fields. This bird resembles the killdeer but is much smaller and has only one band. Since the semipalmated plover nests on the ground, it uses a "broken-wing" display to lure intruders away from the nest, in a display similar to the related killdeer.
Conservation
- Population trend
- stable
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Starry Owlet-nightjar
Aegotheles tatei
A large owlet-nightjar found very locally in the forests of low hills. Bright rufous with 3 vertical bands on the underparts. Prominent white eyebrows and spiky whiskers. Slender and perches upright in the midstory. Split from the similar Feline Owlet-Nightjar with which it does not co-occur. Starry Owlet-Nightjar is smaller with thinner white bands on the underparts. Voice, a raspy, 3 to 4-note series “gew! gok-gak!” with the first notes lower, the last 2 closer together and almost the same pitch.
Painted Redstart
Myioborus pictus
This unmistakable warbler is found in canyons and mountainous areas with oaks and pines. Striking plumage: black with large white wing patch and red belly. Tail is often fanned and flashed while foraging, revealing bold white outer tail feathers. Very active, usually flitting around in the lower to mid-levels of trees. Listen for a musical warble with repeated “chewee” notes. Call is similar to Pine Siskin but less wiry. Primarily a Mexican species, occurring as far south as northern Nicaragua. Breeding range barely extends into the southwest U.S.
Namaqua Warbler
Phragmacia substriata
A prinia-like warbler with a russet-colored back and crown, a plain grayish face, and a whitish throat. The long, graduated tail and fine breast streaks are distinctive. Pairs are resident and restricted to the semi-arid Karoo, where they are specialists of reedbeds and thorn tree thickets along dry drainage lines. The species’ presence is often detected by its distinctive song, a dry sharp “tsit” rapidly followed by a sweeter accelerating rattle “tsit-trrrrrrrrrrrrr.” The similar Karoo Prinia differs from Namaqua Warbler by having a shorter scruffier tail, duller gray-brown upperparts, and boldly blotched underparts with streaking that can reach the throat. The voice is also different.
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