Persian Wheatear
Oenanthe chrysopygia
A medium-sized wheatear, gray-brown overall with a reddish tail base. Sexes similar. Very similar to female Kurdish Wheatear; separated by whitish throat, pale buff undertail, and reddish ear patch contrasting with gray neck. Breeds on open, rocky mountain sides. Winters in mountainous arid habitats. Song consists of short buzzy warbled phrases.
Identification
It is 14.5 cm long with a wingspan of 26–27 cm and a weight of about 20-27 g. The plumage is fairly drab, mainly grey-brown above and greyish-white below. It has a faint pale stripe over the eye, a rufous tinge to the ear-coverts and silvery-white underwing-coverts. The rump and bases of the outer tail-feathers are reddish while the rest of the tail is black forming a T-shaped pattern. There is little difference between males and females but the male has black between the eye and bill.<p>The female Kurdistan wheatear can be very similar but usually has white bases to the outer tail-feathers. Adult males and some females of the Kurdistan wheatear are quite different with a black face and throat and greyer upperparts.<p>The song is a simple repeated whistle. The bird has several clicking, rasping and whistling calls.
Taxonomy
The species was described in 1863 by the Italian zoologist Filippo de Filippi who named it Dromolaea chrysopgyia. It was later treated as a subspecies of the Kurdish wheatear (O. xanthoprymna) after birds with an appearance intermediate between the two ("O. x. cummingi") were found, suggesting that they could interbreed. However, these hybrid birds may in fact be first-winter Kurdish wheatears.<p>Red-tailed wheatears in the eastern part of the range are slightly paler and are sometimes regarded as a separate subspecies, O. c. kingi.
- Scientific name
- Oenanthe chrysopygia
- Authority
- (de Filippi, 1863)
- Order
- Passeriformes
- Family
- Muscicapidae
- Genus
- Oenanthe
Range and habitat
Its breeding range extends from north-east Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan eastwards through Iran to Afghanistan, southern Tajikistan and western Pakistan. It migrates south to winter in the Arabian Peninsula, Eritrea, southern parts of Iraq and Iran, Pakistan and north-west India. It has occurred as a vagrant in Israel, Ethiopia, Djibouti and Nepal.<p>It breeds in mountainous areas from 1,200—4,000 m above sea-level. It nests on steep, barren, rocky ground with little vegetation. It winters at lower levels occurring on rocky hills, steppe, scrubland and semi-desert.
- Migration
- Complete migrants
Behavior
It usually forages on bare ground, feeding mainly on insects such as ants, beetles, and caterpillars. It will pick food from vegetation, dig with its bill for beetle larvae and launch attacks from an exposed perch on a rock or stone.<p>It breeds from late March or April to June, raising two broods. The nest is a cup of grass and other plant material built in a hole in rocks, stones or a wall. Four to six eggs are laid and are incubated for 13 days. The eggs are pale bluish-white, sometimes with reddish-brown spots.
Conservation
- Population trend
- stable
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Brown Skua
Stercorarius antarcticus
Large, dark brown skua with a very robust beak. Several subspecies vary in plumage from largely dark to mottled pale brown. In flight, exhibits a broad white patch on both upperwings and underwings. Usually seen well offshore, less often towards the coast; often follows boats. Lacks the capped appearance of Great and Chilean Skuas, and has darker underwing coverts than those species. The dark morph of South Polar Skua has colder tones and a smaller bill, but field separation is difficult.
Sickle-winged Nightjar
Eleothreptus anomalus
While perched, appears to be an unassuming nightjar: rather small, short-tailed, and largely gray with dark brown spots. In flight, males are spectacular, with unique flight feathers forming the “sickle” wing shape. Females lack these modified wing feathers. Usually found close to water, around gallery forest; in some areas also in grassland and marshes. The call is a repetition of very subtle “chip” notes.
Przevalski's Pinktail
Urocynchramus pylzowi
The Przevalksi’s Pinktail is the only member of its family. It looks like a cross between a rosefinch and a bunting, but it isn’t closely related to either. Male is streaky brown above with a bright pink flush extending from the throat down to the tail sides. Female is streaky brown all over. Both sexes may be confused with rosefinches, but the pinktail is more slender, smaller-billed, and longer-tailed. Male gives a chattering song, sometimes while in flight. Inhabits shrubby highland hillsides.
Start Your Bird Watching Journey
Identify a bird outdoors and keep the field guide close for your next observation.