Green-throated Mango
Anthracothorax viridigula
Large, dark hummingbird found in coastal regions and along large rivers. Use caution eliminating the more widespread Black-throated Mango, which often occurs in the same habitats; female-plumaged birds in particular may not be safely separable. Found in mangroves, abandoned plantations, swampy forests, and urban areas, often at higher levels in flowering trees, where it feeds on nectar and hawks for tiny flying insects. In proper light, green throat of male is diagnostic. Tail color is useful if bird can be studied at length; Green-throated’s tail is mostly purple, with brownish central tail feathers (tail of Black-throated is more chestnut, but subject to variation depending on light).
Identification
The green-throated mango is 10.5 to 12.5 cm (4.1 to 4.9 in) long. Males weigh 7.5 to 8.5 g (0.26 to 0.30 oz) and females about 6.0 g (0.21 oz). The longish black bill is slightly decurved. The male has glossy bronzy green upperparts. His throat and underparts are green with a black central line on the breast and belly. The central tail feathers are dark brown to green and the others shiny purple, and the outermost have dark blue tips. The female green-throated mango's upperparts are also bronzy green with more of a reddish tinge than the male's. She has white underparts with a black central stripe. The tail is like the male's but with white tips on the outermost feathers. Juveniles resemble females but have chestnut underparts.<p>This species is very similar to the closely related black-throated mango. Although the male green-throated mango has less extensive black on the underparts, this and other plumage differences are not always easy to confirm in the field because the birds can appear all black. The females of the two species can be almost inseparable, although green-throated has more extensively coppery upperparts than its relative.
Taxonomy
The green-throated mango was described by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in 1780 in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux from a specimen collected in Cayenne, French Guiana. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-colored plate engraved by François-Nicolas Martinet in the Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle which was produced under the supervision of Edme-Louis Daubenton to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert coined the binomial name Trochilus viridigula in his catalogue of the Planches Enluminées. The green-throated mango is now placed in the genus Anthracothorax that was introduced by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie in 1831. The species is monotypic.<p>The generic name combines the Ancient Greek anthrax meaning "coal" (i.e. black) and thōrax meaning "chest". The specific epithet viridigula is from the Latin viridis meaning "green" and gula meaning "throat".
- Scientific name
- Anthracothorax viridigula
- Authority
- (Boddaert, 1783)
- Order
- Apodiformes
- Family
- Trochilidae
- Genus
- Anthracothorax
Range and habitat
The green-throated mango is found coastally from northeastern Venezuela through Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana into Brazil as far east as Maranhão and along the Amazon River inland to the Negro River. It is also found in Trinidad, but not Tobago. It inhabits mangrove swamp, moist lowland savanna, and similar swampy landscapes with scattered large trees. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 500 m (1,600 ft).
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The green-throated mango is sedentary in the coastal part of its range; inland it moves seasonally to follow the flowering of trees.<p>The green-throated mango feeds on the nectar of tall flowering trees, where males defend feeding territories. The species is also notably insectivorous, catching small arthropod prey on the wing or by gleaning from foliage.<p>Green-throated mango nests have been found year round, though in the Guianas most have been noted between January and March. Females build a cup nest on an exposed horizontal branch of a large tree, typically at least 10 m (33 ft) above ground. The clutch size is two eggs. The incubation time is 14 to 15 days with fledging usually 24 to 25 days after hatch.<p>The green-throated mango is not highly vocal. Its song has been described as a "very high, slightly descending, trill, like 'f'srrrrrrih-tjew tjuh'." It makes a "chep...chep..." call in flight or when hovering at flowers.
Conservation
- Population trend
- declining
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
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