Purple-collared Woodstar
Myrtis fanny
Small hummingbird found in dry, scrubby regions of the Andes; also in coastal deserts in Peru. Male has a glittering blue throat bordered below by purple. Female lacks this and has a rusty wash on white underparts; the extent of this rusty color varies between individuals. Also note slightly curved bill. Male performs swooping U-shaped display flights, alternately giving high-pitched twitters and low-pitched mechanical sounds while doing so. Not known to visit feeders.
Identification
The purple-collared woodstar is 7.5 to 8 cm (3.0 to 3.1 in) long and weighs 2.3 to 2.5 g (0.081 to 0.088 oz). Both sexes have a short, decurved, black bill. Their upperparts are bronze-green. Males have an iridescent aquamarine gorget with a shiny violet band below it. The rest of the underparts are dirty white. The long forked tail is dusky brown glossed with light green. The female's underparts are buff, with a bit of white on the throat and belly. Its tail is short and rounded; the central pair of feathers are blue-green, the next pair blue-green with black tips, and the rest black with white tips. The two subspecies are alike but for M. f. megalura's longer tail.
Taxonomy
The exact relationships within the "bee hummingbirds" are uncertain, but the purple-collared woodstar appears to be closely related to the amethyst woodstar (Calliphlox amethystina). It is the only member of its genus and has two subspecies, the nominate M. f. fanny and M. f. megalura.
- Scientific name
- Myrtis fanny
- Authority
- (Lesson, RP, 1838)
- Order
- Caprimulgiformes
- Family
- Trochilidae
- Genus
- Myrtis
Range and habitat
The nominate subspecies of purple-collared woodstar is found in western and southern Ecuador and western Peru all the way south to Arequipa Department. M. f. megalura is found in northern Peru from Cajamarca south to Huánuco. The species inhabits open landscapes such as dry coastal scrub, open woodlands, and gardens. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 3,000 m (9,800 ft), though in Ecuador it is mostly found between 1,000 and 2,000 m (3,300 and 6,600 ft).
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The movements of the purple-collared woodstar, if any, are not known, but elevational movements are thought to be probable.<p>The purple-collared woodstar feeds on nectar by trap-lining, visiting a circuit of flowering plants. It also feeds on small insects captured on the wing.<p>The purple-collared woodstar breeds between March and June in Ecuador and June to October in Peru. Males make a semicircular courting display flight. Females build a tiny cup nest of plant fibers and spiderweb in a fork of a thin branch. It is typically placed 2 to 4 m (7 to 10 ft) above the ground, but sometimes higher. The female incubates the clutch of two eggs for 15 to 16 days; fledging occurs 19 to 22 days after hatch.<p>The male purple-collared woodstar makes "a series of twittering 'ti-ti-ti-trl' phrases" at the top of its courtship flight, and at the bottom (mechanically) makes "a remarkable, nasal-sounding 'anh-anh-anh-anh-anh'". In a chase it makes "a fast, high-pitched, descending twittering 'ti-ti-ti-ti'", and another call is "a fast dry 'chi-chi-chi'".
Conservation
- Population trend
- stable
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
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Oriolus oriolus
Male unmistakable: golden-yellow with black wings and tail; female and immature greenish yellow overall with dusky wings and variable, fine dark streaking below; note powerful-looking reddish-pink bill in all plumages (dullest in immature). Favors deciduous and mixed woodland and parks, especially with tall leafy trees; can wind up in more open habitats on migration. Shy and difficult to see well, despite bright colors. Tends to remain well hidden in foliage, and flies quickly and easily over long distances. Listen for beautiful, fluid, musical song and rough, corvid-like calls.
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A small hawk with yellow eyes, a lime-green bill base, and yellow legs. Adults are slate-gray above with a vinous breast and dirty white belly and thighs. Immatures are rufous above with diagnostic bold blackish spots and bars and heavily streaked pale underparts. Does not soar. Found primarily in forest from coast to mountains, but also in mangroves and woodlands. Confined to Sulawesi and nearby islands, including the Banggai and Sula Islands. Adult mostly inseparable from Small Sparrowhawk except by call, but largest female Vinous-breasted are longer-bodied, larger-billed, longer-tailed, and longer-toed than largest Small Sparrowhawk. Pale eyes separate Vinous-breasted from Spot-tailed Goshawk and from adult Chinese and Japanese Sparrowhawks. Absence of white tail spots further distinguishes it from Spot-tailed Goshawk, and unbarred thighs separate it from adult Japanese Sparrowhawk. Heavily marked underwings further differentiate it from Chinese Sparrowhawk. Call is a “kew-kew-ke-ke-ke-ke, lower-pitched than Small Sparrowhawk.
Scallop-breasted Antpitta
Grallaricula loricata
Tiny, plump antpitta with long legs, short bill, and short tail. Chestnut head and brown back; white underparts markedly scalloped black. Throat white or buff with thin darker moustaches. Essentially a much smaller version of Chestnut-crowned Antpitta. Sexes similar. Difficult to see, mostly near the ground in forests with open understory. Locally uncommon in mossy cloud forest rich in palms. When perched, swings its body side-to-side. Easy to detect by voice, a simple, high pitched and descending whistle. Endemic to the Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela.
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