Arrowhead Piculet
Picumnus minutissimus
Common piculet of coastal forests. Note short-tailed profile, large feet, and cone-shaped bill. Found in mangroves, gardens, abandoned plantations, and disturbed areas. Creeps quietly through vine tangles and bores into dead twigs at lower and middle levels. Similar to Golden-spangled and White-barred Piculets, but Arrowhead has chevron-shaped spots (not barring) on the breast and belly, and is strictly confined to coastal habitats.
Identification
The arrowhead piculet is 9 to 10 cm (3.5 to 3.9 in) long and weighs 11 to 16 g (0.39 to 0.56 oz). Adult males have a black cap with a red patch on the forehead and white spots on the rest of it. Their face is mostly dark brown with white tips on some feathers and a white line behind the eye. Their upperparts are olive brown whose feathers have blackish wedge-shaped centers, a very thin black bar at their tip, and a white spot just inside the tip. Their rump is plainer but their undertail coverts can have dark bars. Their flight feathers are brown with light buffy edges, especially on the secondaries and tertials. Their tail is brownish black; the innermost pair of feathers have mostly white inner webs and the outer two pairs have a white stripe on the outer webs. Their chin, throat, and sides of the neck are whitish with blackish bars. Their underparts are white with a brownish buff tinge on the belly and flanks; the underparts' feathers have brownish black fringes that give a scaly appearance. Adult females are identical but for no red on the forehead. Juveniles have a plain brown crown; their upperparts are browner than the adults' and have blackish bars. Their underparts are duller with a more obscure pattern.
Taxonomy
The arrowhead piculet is monotypic. However, subspecies P. spilogaster pallidus of the white-bellied piculet has been considered a subspecies of arrowhead. The white-bellied as a whole has also at times been treated as a synonym of the arrowhead piculet.
- Scientific name
- Picumnus minutissimus
- Authority
- (Pallas, 1782)
- Order
- Piciformes
- Family
- Picidae
- Genus
- Picumnus
Range and habitat
The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society considers the arrowhead piculet to be endemic to Suriname with no records elsewhere. The Clements taxonomy adds that it is "possibly also in adjacent Guyana and French Guiana". The International Ornithological Committee lists it simply in the Guianas. Despite its rather small range, it inhabits a wide variety of landscapes, from mangroves, secondary forest, plantations, gallery forest to montane forest.
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The arrowhead piculet is a year-round resident.<p>The arrowhead piculet's diet has not been fully described but is known to include ants and small beetles. It forages somewhat like a chickadee, hanging from twigs and small branches and hammering on them.<p>The arrowhead piculet's breeding season is from March to December. Males excavate a nest hole with some contribution by the female, placing it as high as 8 m (26 ft) above the ground. The clutch size is two or three eggs. Both parents incubate the eggs for 12 to 14 days and both provision nestlings. Fledging occurs about 28 days after hatch.<p>The arrowhead piculet makes a "[s]eries of c. 14 thin notes, 'it-it-it-it...', or 'kee kee kee'." It also makes a "loud twitter" during agonistic encounters.
Conservation
- Population trend
- stable
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Black Scoter
Melanitta americana
Plump diving duck, typically seen in flocks in coastal areas. Males are completely black with bright orange knob on the bill. Females are brown overall with pale cheek and contrasting dark cap. Note potbellied shape and rounded head in flight. Typically coastal, but migrates over land especially in the Northeast U.S. Often gathers in tight flocks. Dives frequently, feeding on aquatic invertebrates. Breeds on ponds in Arctic tundra.
White-eared Solitaire
Entomodestes leucotis
Beautiful, boldly patterned bird of montane forest. Reddish brown above, black below, with a black head, broad white mustache, and coral red bill. Perches upright in the mid-story and canopy of humid forest and forest edge. Listen for its distinctive song, an even-pitched, rusty wheeze “zzeee,” repeated every 10-20 seconds.
Golden-mantled Racquet-tail
Prioniturus platurus
An oddly shaped parrot with two thin tail rackets. Mostly green, with a golden wash on the back of males (absent in females) and a silvery-gray bill. Males show a small red crown patch. Juvenile resembles female, but lacks rackets. Found in pairs and groups in canopy of forest, forest edge, and clearings in lowlands and mountains. Restricted to Sulawesi, Sula, and Talaud islands. The only parrot with rackets in its range, outside of north Sulawesi. In north Sulawesi, where the larger Yellow-breasted Racquet-tail occurs, note Golden-mantled’s lack of a yellow breast patch. Noisy, giving shrill “kleer” notes and a sharp “kip.”
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