Japanese Cormorant

Small, pale flycatcher with a faint eyebrow. Slender, grayish tan overall, with white wingbars, a fairly long tail, and slim bill. Compared to the similar Mouse-colored Tyrannulet, has a less distinct facial pattern (Mouse-colored has a strong eyebrow) and a longer, slimmer bill, and forages more actively; changing perches frequently with quick flits between branches. Found in shrubby secondary forest on its breeding grounds in southern South America; migrates north during the austral winter into the Amazon, where it is found in secondary forest and river’s-edge forest. Song is a descending high trill with a stuttered introductory note; calls are similar but shorter.

Nest parasite that lays its eggs in the nests of Jameson’s Firefinch. Breeding males are glossy purplish-black, with a pale brownish panel in the wings, while females and non-breeding males are streaky and brown on the back and pale below, with a bold facial pattern. The bill is whitish and the legs very pale pink. Found in forest edge, cultivation, thick woodland, and scrub. Mimics the vocalizations of its host firefinches: a fast trill. Extremely similar to Variable Indigobird. In South Africa, separated by its pale pinkish legs. Elsewhere, breeding males probably slightly more glossy but only separated with certainty by hearing mimicked vocalizations of host species.

A common and fairly large honeyeater of lower and mid-montane forest and clearings. Distinctively patterned with a black back scaled white, white belly with black scalloped flanks, black breast band, black head with large-orange yellow eye wattle, black chin and a small red mark in the base of the bill. Other melidectes co-occur but are larger and none have the white belly and breastband. Call, a loud, hollow “chok!” often followed by a slightly raspy, hollow warble.