Peruvian Racket-tail
Ocreatus peruanus
Fantastic cloud forest hummingbird found in the eastern Andes from southern Colombia to central Peru. Male has a straight tail ending in rackets and buffy leg puffs. On female, note the combination of short bill, white underparts scaled with green, white facial marks, and buffy thighs. She is quite similar to female Rufous-vented Whitetip, but has buff (not white) thighs and fewer markings on throat. May overlap with Rufous-booted Racket-tail at the southern edge of its range; male Peruvian Racket-tail has straight central tail feathers that do not cross; females of the two species look almost identical. Typically feeds at small flowers at forest edge or in clearings, and sometimes visits feeders.
Identification
All racket-tails have pronounced sexual dimorphism. Only the male has elongated outer rectrices (tail feathers) that have bare shafts with terminal flags. On the Peruvian racket-tail, those feathers are straight and do not cross; the flags are narrow ovals that slightly overlap. Male Peruvian racket-tails are 11 to 15 cm (4.3 to 5.9 in) long including the 7 to 8 cm (2.8 to 3.1 in) long outer tail feathers, and weigh 2.5 to 2.7 g (0.088 to 0.095 oz). Females are 7.6 to 9 cm (3.0 to 3.5 in) long and weigh 2.6 to 3.2 g (0.092 to 0.11 oz). Both sexes have greenish upperparts without a glittering forehead, both have a white spot behind the eye, and both have cinnamon leg puffs. Males have a greenish gray throat and a solid green belly. Their tail flags are greenish black. Females have a white throat and breast heavily spotted with green.
Taxonomy
The Peruvian racket-tail, as defined by the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and the Clements taxonomy, is one of three species in genus Ocreatus. However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) treats the taxon as one of eight subspecies of booted racket-tail (O. underwoodii). The IOC and Clements call underwoodii "white-booted racket-tail" and assign five subspecies to it. The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (SACC) follows the eight-subspecies model of booted racket-tail but has requested a proposal to elevate O. puruanus and two other subspecies to species status.
- Scientific name
- Ocreatus peruanus
- Authority
- (Gould, 1849)
- Order
- Apodiformes
- Family
- Trochilidae
- Genus
- Ocreatus
Range and habitat
The Peruvian racket-tail is found in eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru as far as Huánuco Department. It inhabits the temperate and subtropical Andes. It favors the edges of humid to wet forest but is also found in the forest interior and in more open secondary forest. It is most numerous at elevations between 1,600 and 2,200 m (5,200 and 7,200 ft) but is found as low as 600 m (2,000 ft) and as high as 4,000 m (13,000 ft).
Behavior
The Peruvian racket-tail makes seasonal elevational movements after breeding.<p>The Peruvian racket-tail typically forages between 6 and 18 m (20 and 60 ft) above the ground. It takes nectar from a variety of plants such as those of genera Palicourea, Clusia, Inga, and Cavendishia. Often several birds will feed close together. In addition to feeding on nectar it captures small insects by hawking from a perch.<p>The Peruvian racket-tail's breeding season has not been studied but might include most of the year. It makes a tiny cup nest of plant fiber and lichen, typically on a horizontal twig 6 to 8 m (20 to 30 ft) above the ground. The female incubates the clutch of two eggs for 16 to 17 days; fledging occurs 19 to 22 days after hatch.<p>Both male and female Peruvian racket-tails give "a diagnostic, descending, thin sweet trill, 'ti-tlee-ee-ee' [and] single 'tsit' and 'trrt' notes."
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Fuscous Flycatcher
Cnemotriccus fuscatus
Medium-sized flycatcher found in a variety of dense scrubby habitats often close to water. Note the pale wingbars and eyebrows that contrast with the gray-brown back and yellowish belly. Several distinctive subspecies differ in plumage tones, extent of the eyebrow, bill color, and call. Similar to Euler's Flycatcher, but with a strong eyebrow. The song is a sharp “jet-jet-pew-pew,” with more emphasis on the last note.
Burrowing Owl
Athene cunicularia
Small, long-legged owl of open grassy habitats. Appears brown at a distance with irregular white spotting. Yellow eyes. Typically found on the ground or perched on low fence posts or rocks. Active during day and night when it hunts mainly for insects and small mammals. When agitated, it stands erect and abruptly bows down. Nests in a burrow, often dug by a prairie dog or tortoise.
Mottled Swift
Tachymarptis aequatorialis
Huge swift with powerful, falcon-like flight. Overall coloration is gray with a paler throat and mottling on the belly, but often looks blackish when seen in flight overhead. A darker, blackish population nests in Luanda, Angola, and wanders widely. Found over a wide variety of habitats, though often in the vicinity of rock outcroppings. Near breeding colonies, gives an exuberant trilled call. Similar in size and shape to Alpine Swift, but separated by the dark rather than white belly. Separated from all other swifts by large size.
Start Your Bird Watching Journey
Identify a bird outdoors and keep the field guide close for your next observation.