Rufous-breasted Spinetail

Identification

The rufous-breasted spinetail is 13 to 16 cm (5.1 to 6.3 in) long and weighs 15 to 19 g (0.53 to 0.67 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a sepia brown face, crown, nape, back, rump and uppertail coverts. Their wings are chestnut with brown tips on their flight feathers. Their tail is chestnut brown; the feathers have black shafts. Their chin and upper throat are slate black with widish white streaks; their lower throat is solid slate black. Their breast and sides are deep cinnamon rufous, their flanks light brown, their belly mottled whitish or mouse gray with an olive tinge, and their undertail coverts a lighter, grayer, brown than the flanks. Their iris is dark red to reddish brown, their bill black (sometimes with a brownish base to the mandible), and their legs and feet bright gray to greenish gray. Juveniles have a similar pattern to adults with light brown upper breast, flanks, and undertail coverts and pale grayish lower breast and belly mottled with brown. Subspecies S. e. pacifica is overall paler than the nominate, with a gray (instead of black) lower throat and less olive on the flanks.

Taxonomy

The rufous-breasted spinetail's taxonomy is unsettled. The International Ornithological Committee and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World assign it two subspecies, the nominate S. e. erythrothorax (Sclater, PL, 1855) and S. e. pacifica (Griscom, 1930). The Clements taxonomy adds a third, S. e. furtiva (Bangs &amp; Peters, 1927), that the other two systems include within the nominate.<p>A study published in 2011 determined that the rufous-breasted spinetail and the white-whiskered spinetail (S. candei) are sister species.<p>This article follows the two-subspecies model.

Scientific name

Synallaxis erythrothorax

Authority

Sclater, PL, 1855

Order

Passeriformes

Family

Furnariidae

Genus

Synallaxis

Range and habitat

The rufous-breasted spinetail has a disjunct distribution. The nominate subspecies is the more widespread. It is found from Veracruz, northern Oaxaca, and the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico south on the Caribbean side through Belize and Guatemala into northwestern Honduras. Subspecies S. e. pacifica is found from southwestern Chiapas in Mexico south on the Pacific side through Guatemala into El Salvador. The species inhabits a variety of landscapes characterized by dense vegetation. They include the edges of lowland evergreen forest, secondary forest, second-growth scrublands, brushy clearings, and swampy areas. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 1,250 m (4,100 ft) in Guatemala but only to 750 m (2,500 ft) elsewhere.

Migration

Resident species

Behavior

Migration pattern: Resident species.

Conservation

Population trend: stable.

Population trend

stable