Rosy Pipit

Quite common and conspicuous in lowlands in northern South America, where it resides in open woodlands, second growth, and gardens. Typical plumage pattern for an oriole, but more yellow and less black than other species. Especially note yellow back and limited black mask and bib. One thin white wingbar and narrow edges on flight feathers. Female slightly duller than male.

Boldly patterned francolin with conspicuous white spotting on the underparts and upperparts. Endemic to peninsular India and Sri Lanka, but recently has not been recorded in most of south India. Occurs in cultivated and open habitat with scattered trees and dense undergrowth where it remains hidden most of the year. Commonly detected in the late summer and monsoon by its repeated, grating, and high-pitched “click—khrak-khrukuk—khrakakak” calls. Territorial males are occasionally seen calling from raised open perches including treetops. Calls nearly identical to Black Francolin.

Secretive bunting of reedbeds and grassy fields. Not as social as Reed and Pallas's Buntings and doesn't expose itself as often; usually solitary, sticking to dense clusters of fallen vegetation near the ground. Breeding male is unique in the region for his entirely black head. Adult female and nonbreeding male have a ghost of the coal-black head; head patterning can be evocative of Meadow Buntings, which are much larger. Ochre rump is visible in all plumages and is diagnostic, but it can be difficult to see.