Torrent Tyrannulet
Serpophaga cinerea
Unique small gray flycatcher found exclusively along fast-moving rivers and streams. Often perches on rocks in the middle of a waterway, but also along the edge. Plumage is also unlike any other flycatcher; pale gray overall with diffuse black cap and black wings and tail. Sexes similar. Pumps tail.
Identification
The adult torrent tyrannulet is 10–11.4 cm long and weighs 8g. The male is pale grey above, and greyish white below, becoming white on the throat and lower belly. The head above the level of the eye is black with a concealed white crown patch, and the wings and tail are blackish. There are two thin grey-white wing bars.<p>The female is similar, but the top of the head is greyer and the crown patch is smaller or absent. Young birds have a browner cap, a brownish tint to the upperparts and broader, yellower wing bars.
Taxonomy
- Scientific name
- Serpophaga cinerea
- Authority
- (Tschudi, 1844)
- Order
- Passeriformes
- Family
- Tyrannidae
- Genus
- Serpophaga
Range and habitat
The torrent tyrannulet is a bird of rocky mountain streams at elevations from 300 to 2200 m, although it is less common at the lower altitudes where the water currents are weaker. There is a nesting record from Costa Rica as low as 35 m, possibly as a result of displacement of birds by hydroelectric work higher up the Sarapiquí River.
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
Its substantial cup nest is built on a branch up to 4 m high over water, or on a rocky shore. It is lined with feathers and covered with moss on the outside, and the clutch is two unmarked pale buff or whitish eggs.<p>The torrent tyrannulet feeds on insects, caught in flight or picked off bankside vegetation or rocks. It has a direct dipper-like flight low over water, and frequently pumps its tail as it perches on a rock in the stream. Its call is a sharp penetrating chip, readily audible over the noise of the rushing water, and the song is a slower repetition of the call or a seek followed by a trilled ti,ti,ti,ti,ti,ti,.
Conservation
- Population trend
- declining
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Olivaceous Woodcreeper
Sittasomus griseicapillus
A small, unstreaked woodcreeper of tropical and subtropical humid forest. Fairly common but unobtrusive. Moves quickly up trunks, often flying to low on the next tree and circling up again. Distinguished from other woodcreepers by small size, small slender bill, and plain gray head and underparts (no pale streaks or spots).
Southern Fulmar
Fulmarus glacialoides
Distinctive, medium-sized silvery-gray petrel. Breeds around Antarctica, but regular migrant north to Chile, especially in winter. Often in groups and regularly follows ships; can be seen feeding and scavenging with giant-petrels at sewage outflows along shore of Strait of Magellan. Note white flash in dark wing-tip, and at close range the pink bill with black tip and bluish tubenose.
Naumann's Thrush
Turdus naumanni
Paler and more orangish than Dusky Thrush. Adult males are the brightest-colored and young females have patchy black on the throat and chest. Note the plain wings without Dusky’s rufous paneling; also note Naumann’s less contrasting head pattern and orange-scaled underparts. Hybrids show a combination of Dusky and Naumann’s features. Naumann’s breeds in taiga and winters in forests and parks; mixes with Dusky on wintering grounds, but less in favor of open habitat. Vocalizations similar to Dusky Thrush.
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