White-eyed Vireo
Vireo griseus
A small, active vireo of dense shrubbery. Distinctive yellow spectacles contrast with gray head. Also look for two white wingbars, green back, and yellow sides. Adults have white eyes; juveniles have darker gray eyes. Occurs in dense second growth, forest edge, and thickets; more often heard than seen. Listen for the variable, scratchy "chick-burio-chick" song. Primarily occurs in the southeastern U.S., wintering into northern Central America and the Caribbean. Compare with duller olive Thick-billed Vireo in the Caribbean, and plainer Bell's Vireo in the U.S. and Mexico.
Identification
Measurements:<p>Its head and back are a greyish olive, and the underparts are white with yellow flanks. The wings and tail are dark, and there are two white wing bars on each wing. The eyes have white irises, and are surrounded by yellow spectacles. Sexes are similar.
Taxonomy
The white-eyed vireo was described by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in 1780 in his Histoire naturelle des oiseaux. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by François-Nicolas Martinet in the Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle which was produced under the supervision of Edme-Louis Daubenton to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert coined the binomial name Tanagra grisea in his catalogue of the Planches Enluminées. Buffon specified that his specimen had come from Louisiana, but in 1945 the type locality was restricted to New Orleans. The white-eyed vireo is now placed in the genus Vireo was introduced in 1808 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot. The word vireo was used by Latin authors for a small green migratory bird, probably a Eurasian golden oriole but a European greenfinch has also been suggested. The specific epithet griseus is Medieval Latin for grey.<p>Six subspecies are recognised:<p>The northern subspecies, V. g. noveboracensis, occupies most of the range of this species and is fully migratory. This sub-species is larger and has more brightly colored plumage than all other subspecies.<p>The resident southeastern coastal plain race, V. g. griseus is a slightly smaller and duller colored subspecies. It does not typically migrate out of its breeding range in the winter.<p>The resident Florida Keys race, V. g. maynardi, is greyer above and whiter below, and the south Texan V. g. micrus is like a smaller maynardi.<p>V. g. bermudianus is endemic to Bermuda, where it is known as the Chick of the Village. This has shorter wings and a duller plumage. Along with other endemic and native Bermudian birds, it was threatened with extinction following the loss of 8 million Bermuda cedar trees in the 1940s, and is now quite rare. This species is listed under the Bermuda Protected Species Act 2003.
- Scientific name
- Vireo griseus
- Authority
- (Boddaert, 1783)
- Order
- Passeriformes
- Family
- Vireonidae
- Genus
- Vireo
Range and habitat
It breeds in the eastern United States from New England west to northern Missouri and south to Texas and Florida, and also in eastern Mexico, northern Central America, Cuba and the Bahamas. Populations on the US Gulf Coast and further south are resident, but most North American birds migrate south in winter. This vireo frequents bushes and shrubs in abandoned cultivation or overgrown pastures.
- Migration
- Complete migrants
Behavior
Migration pattern: Complete migrants.
Conservation
Population trend: rising.
- Population trend
- rising
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
Other Birds
Green-tailed Warbler
Microligea palustris
Secretive, found in montane thickets and scrub, typically in or near forests. Usually solitary and rarely found in mixed feeding flocks. Soft gray of body and head contrast sharply with olive-green back and wings. It is similar to White-winged Warbler, but is gray rather than white below, has red eyes, and lacks white on the tail and wings. Song is a series of loud, sharp “tsip” notes. Calls include loud squeaky notes and raspy scolds.
Sunda Honeyeater
Lichmera lombokia
A plain, sparrow-sized honeyeater with a slender, downcurved bill like a sunbird’s. Entirely rich olive above, plain gray on face and throat, with a yellow wash on the underparts. Restricted to the islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, and Flores. Plainer than Indonesian Honeyeater, lacking that species’ prominent pale facial skin, yellow wing panel, and a dark mask. Sunda is also noticeably more yellow underneath. Calls include a constant twittering, a nasal “jeez,” and a guttural “grrt.”
Pavonine Quetzal
Pharomachrus pavoninus
Stocky green-and-red quetzal of lowland rainforest. Perches in the mid story of mature rainforest, where most common in upland (terra firme) areas and areas around water. Compared to trogons, is larger and chunkier, with a red bill and without a prominent eye ring. The green uppertail coverts are long, extending down the back side of the tail to just past the tail tip. Listen for its song, a repeated two note series of a breathy whistle followed by a soft note, “wheeew … tuck … wheeew … tuck …”.
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