Pere David's Tit

Large scoter with distinctive white patch on wing. Males are black and have small white mark under eye, dark knob on the bill, and red-and-orange bill tip. Females are dark chocolate-brown and have two rounded white patches on face. Extremely similar to White-winged Scoter: note male’s much more angular head structure with steeper and more prominent protuberance and different bill coloration. Female is much more difficult to identify, but has more swollen-looking protuberance. Breeds in Russian tundra and taiga pools and lakes, winters on the coast; only very occasionally reported inland in the winter.

Medium-sized bird; heard far more than seen. All-white male is unmistakable; mostly green female is best identified by chunky proportions and long, sloping head profile. Found in tall forest, principally at higher elevations; common in the tepui region. Feeds at fruiting trees but is more often seen from high vantage points or flying across gaps. Males sing from bare snags above the canopy and are often not visible from below. Song is only vaguely bell-like, amazingly loud and reverberating; younger males may give a cracked or truncated version.

A large canary with different-looking males and females. The male has bright yellow underparts, yellow-green upperparts, and a well-marked face pattern. The female is drab gray-brown with streaky underparts, yellowish edges of the wing feathers, and a yellow rump. Pairs and small groups occupy dry rangelands including coastal scrub, Karoo, and arid thornveld, where they are resident and nomadic, moving when food becomes scarce. The larger Brimstone Canary has a chunkier bill than Yellow Canary and prefers moist coastal thickets and woodland.