Band-tailed Antwren
Myrmotherula urosticta
Small, short-tailed antwren. Look for the broad white tail-tip. Males are gray with black bibs and wing coverts; females are light gray above and buff below. Found in humid forests, where it forages in the understory and at middle levels, usually together with mixed-species flocks. The song is a nasal series of clear “tjeuwi” notes.
Identification
The band-tailed antwren is 9 to 10 cm (3.5 to 3.9 in) long. It is a smallish bird with a short tail. Adult males have gray upperparts with a hidden white patch between the shoulders. Their wings are gray with white-tipped black coverts. Their tail is darker gray with the eponymous wide white band at the end. Their throat and upper breast are black; the rest of their underparts are a paler gray than the upperparts. Adult females have a paler gray face and upperparts than males with white-tipped gray wing coverts. Their throat is white, their sides and flanks gray, and the rest of their underparts pale cinnamon-buff.
Taxonomy
The band-tailed antwren was described by the English zoologist Philip Sclater in 1857 and given the binomial name Formicivora urosticta. The species is monotypic. The band-tailed antwren and the long-winged antwren (M. longipennis) form a superspecies.
- Scientific name
- Myrmotherula urosticta
- Authority
- (Sclater, PL, 1857)
- Order
- Passeriformes
- Family
- Thamnophilidae
- Genus
- Myrmotherula
Range and habitat
The band-tailed antwren is a bird of the Atlantic Forest. It found very spottily and locally in coastal eastern Brazil between Bahia and northern Rio de Janeiro state. The largest numbers are found in the southern Bahia-northern Espírito Santo area. It inhabits the understorey to mid-storey of evergreen forest and adjacent mature secondary forest in the lowlands. It appears to favor tall forest on sandy soil, especially those with abundant vines in their lower reaches. In elevation it occurs below about 500 m (1,600 ft).
- Migration
- Resident species
Behavior
The band-tailed antwren is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The band-tailed antwren's diet is not known in detail but is probably mostly mostly insects and spiders. It forages singly, in pairs, or in family groups, and usually as part of a mixed-species feeding flock. It typically forages on fairly open leafy branches. It feeds mostly between about 3 and 10 m (10 and 30 ft) above the ground but will go as high as 20 m (70 ft), though rarely. It seeks prey mostly by gleaning live leaves, and also takes prey from clusters of dead leaves, vine tangles, and along branches by gleaning, reaching, lunging, and with short sallies from a perch.<p>Nothing is known about the band-tailed antwren's breeding biology.<p>The band-tailed antwren's song is a "short series of 4-5 very high, nasal, well-separated, sharply upslurred 'tjeuwi' notes". Its most common call is "three notes...dropping in pitch".
Conservation
- Population trend
- declining
Photos
Distribution
Bird Calls
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