Javan Whistling-Thrush

The only munia in its range with white on the lower back and rump. It has a blackish-brown head and back with pure white underparts and rump. Its back is finely streaked with pale shafts. Juvenile is rufous-brown with indistinct streaks above, rump buffy gray, breast light rufous, and underparts buffy gray. Races differ in the amount of white-and-gray streaking on the underparts and the extent of the blackish-brown on the head. Found in a variety of open landscapes including grasslands, shrubby open country, forest edges, thickets, plantations, village gardens, agricultural fields, and sometimes towns and cities.

Small long-tailed antwren with a very restricted range; occurs in marshes with tall grasses and scattered bushes in the state of Parana and is usually very hard to see. Two similar-looking forms occur, which may be distinct species. Both sexes are mostly brown above with bold spots on darker wings. Males of the São Paulo form are black below whereas southern birds are gray below.

Rare and endangered, a bright yellow warbler with gray head, very short white eyebrow, and orange legs. Sexes similar. Uncommon, often in pairs, family groups, and mixed species flocks in understory and edges of cloud forest and bamboo patches, but always close to areas with mature forest. Vocal in early morning, with distinctive calls and song, often very loud in duet. Song is a melodious, repetitive, and loud five-note “we-chee-cHEEw, wee-cHEEw;” call is a “chack” or a short trill; duets are the combination of song and “chack” calls at the same time. Similar to the more common Golden-crowned Warbler, but lacking black crown stripes and gray back. Endemic to the Turimiquire region of northeastern Venezuela.